Sample Name: Pilões

Sample UID: SA000956U

Sample Description:

This sample consists of individuals belonging to Pilões, an African-derived community located in the Ribeira River Valley in the southern part of São Paulo State, Brazil. This community has a total of 128 inhabitants. Informed consent was obtained from all participants.

Before the abolition of slavery in Brazil (1888), many communities (quilombos) were founded by fled or abandoned African slaves. It is estimated that there are at least 700 such communities within Brazilian territory. These communities can be regarded as relics of the original African contribution to the Brazilian population.

Number of Chromosomes: 78

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Cotrim NH, Auricchio MT, Vicente JP, Otto PA, Mingroni-Netto RC. "Polymorphic Alu insertions in six Brazilian African-derived populations". Am J Hum Biol. 16:264-277. (2004) Online citation.

Sample Name: São Paulo

Sample UID: SA000958W

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated individuals from São Paulo, Brazil. This sample is composed mainly of individuals of European ancestry and a few individuals from other ethnic groups. Informed consent was obtained from all participants.

Number of Chromosomes: 82

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Cotrim NH, Auricchio MT, Vicente JP, Otto PA, Mingroni-Netto RC. "Polymorphic Alu insertions in six Brazilian African-derived populations". Am J Hum Biol. 16:264-277. (2004) Online citation.

Sample Name: Brazilian

Sample UID: SA000702J

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated, healthy Caucasian Brazilians. The sample includes both males and females with an age range of 40-78. They were selected at Sao Paulo University, SESMET, during 3 months in 1997.

Number of Chromosomes: 134

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Machado MO, Hirata MH, Bertolami MC, Hirata RD. "Apo B gene haplotype is associated with lipid profile of higher risk for coronary heart disease in Caucasian Brazilian men". J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 15:19-24. (2001) Online citation.

Sample Name: Rio de Janeiro

Sample UID: SA001066N

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated individuals from the State of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil.

Number of Chromosomes: 600

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Goes AC, da Silva DA, Fonseca Gil EH, da Silva MT, Pereira RW, de Carvalho EF. "Allele frequencies data and statistic parameters for 16 STR loci-D19S433, D2S1338, CSF1PO, D16S539, D7S820, D21S11, D18S51, D13S317, D5S818, FGA, Penta E, TH01, vWA, D8S1179, TPOX, D3S1358-in the Rio de Janeiro population, Brazil". Forensic Sci Int. 140:131-132. (2004) Online citation.

Sample Name: Mato Grosso do Sul

Sample UID: SA001073L

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated individuals from the Mato Grosso do Sul State in central western Brazil.

Number of Chromosomes: 416

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Silva DA, Crouse CA, Chakraborty R, Goes AC, Carvalho EF. "Statistical analyses of 14 short tandem repeat loci in Brazilian populations from Rio de Janeiro and Mato Grosso do Sul states for forensic and identity testing purposes". Forensic Sci Int. 139:173-176. (2004) Online citation.

Sample Name: Brazilian Caucasian

Sample UID: SA001160I

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated individuals living in Brazil.

Number of Chromosomes: 200

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Figueiredo MS, Fernandez-Rosado F, Lorente JA, Budowle B. "Brazilian Caucasian population data for 15 STR loci (PowerPlex 16 kit)". J Forensic Sci. 49:167-9. (2004) Online citation.

Sample Name: Rio das Ras (Brazilian, African)

Sample UID: SA000856T

Sample Description:This sample consists of African Brazilians (47 males and 119 females) from communities in the region of Rio das Ras, near the town of Bom Jesus da Lapa, in the state of Bahia (Brazil). Most samples were obtained from the largest communities of Rio das Ras and Brasileira. Other smaller communities in the same region are Capao do Cedro, Enchu, and Bom Retiro.

Number of Chromosomes: 285

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Mingroni-Netto RC, Angeli CB, Auricchio MT, Leal-Mesquita ER, Ribeiro-dos-Santos AK, Ferrari I, Hutz MH, Salzano FM, Hill K, Hurtado AM, Vianna-Morgante AM. "Distribution of CGG repeats and FRAXAC1/DXS548 alleles in South American populations". Am J Med Genet 111:243-252. (2002) Online citation.

Sample Name: Brazilian Blacks

Sample UID: SA002351L

Sample Description:This sample consists of Brazilian Blacks.

Number of Chromosomes: 52

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Su B, Sun G, Lu D, Xiao J, Hu F, Chakraborty R, Deka R, Jin L "Distribution of three HIV-1 resistance-conferring polymorphisms (SDF1-3'A, CCR2-641, and CCR5-delta32) in global populations". Eur J Hum Genet. 8:975-9. (2000) Online citation.

Sample Name: Monte Claros (MOC)

Sample UID: SA003523N

Sample Description:This sample consists of Brazilian individuals from the city of Montes Claros, at north of state of Minas Gerais. They were healthy and unrelated blood donors attending centers of the Minas Gerais Blood Bank in their respective cities.

Number of Chromosomes: 48

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Silva MC, Zuccherato LW, Soares-Souza GB, Vieira ZM, Cabrera L, Herrera P, Balqui J, Romero C, Jahuira H, Gilman RH, Martins ML, Tarazona-Santos E. "Development of two multiplex mini-sequencing panels of ancestry informative SNPs for studies in Latin Americans: an application to populations of the State of Minas Gerais (Brazil)". Genet Mol Res. 9:2069-85. (2010) Online citation.

Sample Name: Sao Paulo

Sample UID: SA002747U

Sample Description:This sample consists of individuals from Sao Paulo, Brazil who were recruited as controls for a study on upper aero-digestive cancer. Controls were frequency matched on age, sex and centre from the same hospitals as cases.

Number of Chromosomes: 630

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Hashibe M, McKay JD, Curado MP, Oliveira JC, Koifman S, Koifman R, Zaridze D, Shangina O, Wünsch-Filho V, Eluf-Neto J, Levi JE, Matos E, Lagiou P, Lagiou A, Benhamou S et.al. "Multiple ADH genes are associated with upper aerodigestive cancers". Nat Genet. 40:707-9. (2008) Online citation.

Sample Name: Afro-Brazilians

Sample UID: SA002424M

Sample Description:This sample consists of DNA samples from Afro-Brazilian communities Trombetas, Pacoval and Curiau in Para state, Brazil.

Number of Chromosomes: 134

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- De Pinho Lott Carvalhaes FA, Cardoso GL, Hamoy IG, Liu YT, Guerreiro JF "Distribution of CCR5-delta32, CCR2-64I, and SDF1-3'A mutations in populations from the Brazilian Amazon region". Hum Biol. 76:643-6. (2004) Online citation.

Sample Name: African Brazilians

Sample UID: SA004088U

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated individuals living in Rio de Janeiro and self declared as having African ancestry.

Number of Chromosomes: 230

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Manta F, Caiafa A, Pereira R, Silva D, Amorim A, Carvalho EF, Gusmão L. "Indel markers: Genetic diversity of 38 polymorphisms in Brazilian populations and application in a paternity investigation with post mortem material". Forensic Sci Int Genet.(Epub, ahead of print) (2012) Online citation.

Sample Name: Recife

Sample UID: SA004162N

Sample Description:The study cohort consisted of 981 individuals recruited from the North, Northeast, and South regions of Brazil. All individuals from the Southern sample were selected at random at the Clinical Analysis Laboratory of the Pharmacy School of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, among those who came from several city health centers for free routine blood determinations.

The Northeastern sample consisted of 262 healthy adolescents ascertained at Instituto Materno-Infantil de Pernambuco at Recife, the capital of the Brazilian Northeastern state of Pernambuco

Number of Chromosomes: 524

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Friedrich DC, Santos SE, Ribeiro-Dos-Santos AK, Hutz MH. "Several different lactase persistence associated alleles and high diversity of the lactase gene in the admixed brazilian population". PLoS One. 7:(2012) Online citation.

Sample Name: Mixed Europeans, Brazil

Sample UID: SA000206I

Sample Description:150 unrelated descendants of Europeans (mainly of Portuguese, German, or Italian ancestry, who served as controls in the studies of blood coagulation and showed no morphological signs of interethnic admixture) living in Porto Alegre, capital of Brazil's southernmost state.

Number of Chromosomes: 300

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Simon D, Bandinelli E, Roisenberg I. "Von Willebrand factor gene polymorphisms in three Brazilian ethnic groups". Hum. Biol. 72:1055-1063. (2000) Online citation.

Sample Name: State of Piaui

Sample UID: SA001092M

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated healthy donors living in the State of Piaui (Northeast Brazil) for at least three generations. This sample represents a trihybrid population composed of individuals presenting with an admixture of Caucasian, African and Native American bank of genes.

Number of Chromosomes: 400

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- da Silva EB, Dellalibera E, Souza M, dos Santos Silva R, Mauricio-da-Silva L. "Population genetics of eight STR loci¿CSF1PO, TPOX, TH01, D16S359, D7S820, D13S317, F13B and LPL in a Brazilian population from the State of Piaui, Northeast Brazil". Forensic Sci Int 126:90-92. (2001)

Sample Name: State of Pernambuco

Sample UID: SA001095P

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated individuals were provided from the paternity casework (mothers and fathers) of all State of Pernambuco. The population of the State of Pernambuco can be characterized as an exogamic population, composed of individuals of African, Caucasian and Native American ancestry.

Number of Chromosomes: 1092

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Dellalibera E, Havro ML, Souza M, Kajihara K, Mauricio-da-Silva L, dos Santos Silva R. "Genetic analysis of 13 STR loci in the population from the State of Pernambuco, northeast Brazil". Forensic Sci Int. 146:57-59. (2004) Online citation.

Sample Name: Brazilians (Africans)

Sample UID: SA003844T

Sample Description:This sample consists of Brazilian blacks.

Number of Chromosomes: 100

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Mattar R, Monteiro MS, Villares CA, Santos AF, Silva JM, Carrilho FJ. "Frequency of LCT -13910C>T single nucleotide polymorphism associated with adult-type hypolactasia/lactase persistence among Brazilians of different ethnic groups". Nutr J. 8:46. (2009) Online citation.

Sample Name: Brazilian

Sample UID: SA003911O

Sample Description:This sample consists of control group who were Brazilian healthy volunteers.

Number of Chromosomes: 300

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Colombo J, Rossit AR, Caetano A, Borim AA, Wornrath D, Silva AE. "GSTT1, GSTM1 and CYP2E1 genetic polymorphisms in gastric cancer and chronic gastritis in a Brazilian population.". world J of Gasteroenterology 10:1240-5. (2004) Online citation.

Sample Name: Mocambo

Sample UID: SA002386T

Sample Description:This sample was obtained from Mocambo, a quilombo community situated on the eastern bank of the San Francisco river with an estimated population of 500 peoplpe, of which 71 individuals were chosen for the study, 53 born locally and 18 recent immigrants.

Before the abolition of slavery in Brazil (1888), many communities (quilombos) were founded by fled or abandoned African slaves. It is estimated that there are at least 700 such communities within Brazilian territory. These communities can be regarded as relics of the original African contribution to the Brazilian population.

Number of Chromosomes: 142

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Carvalho, Mônica W.P.; Leboute, Ana P.M.; Oliveira, Silviene F.; Sousa, Sandra M.B.; Klautau-Guimarães, Maria de Nazaré; Simões, Aguinaldo L. "CCR5D32 mutation in three Brazilian populations of predominantly Sub-Saharan African ancestry". Genet. Mol. Biol. 27:321-325. (2004)

Sample Name: Brazilian

Sample UID: SA004138Q

Sample Description:This sample consists of Brazilian controls from Sao paulo, Brazil. This sample is part of a case control study and the sample was collected in accordance with Institute of Biosciences, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Number of Chromosomes: 652

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Brito LA, Paranaiba LM, Bassi CF, Masotti C, Malcher C, Schlesinger D, Rocha KM, Cruz LA, Bárbara LK, Alonso N, Franco D, Bagordakis E, Martelli H Jr, Meyer D, Coletta RD, Passos-Bueno MR. "Region 8q24 is a susceptibility locus for nonsyndromic oral clefting in Brazil". Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 94:464-8. (2012) Online citation.

Sample Name: Brazilian

Sample UID: SA004139R

Sample Description:This sample consists of controls from the center for Rehabilitation of Cranofacial Anomalies- Dental school, University of Alfenas, State of Minas Gerias (South eastern region of Brazil).

Number of Chromosomes: 522

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Brito LA, Paranaiba LM, Bassi CF, Masotti C, Malcher C, Schlesinger D, Rocha KM, Cruz LA, Bárbara LK, Alonso N, Franco D, Bagordakis E, Martelli H Jr, Meyer D, Coletta RD, Passos-Bueno MR. "Region 8q24 is a susceptibility locus for nonsyndromic oral clefting in Brazil". Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 94:464-8. (2012) Online citation.

Sample Name: Galvão

Sample UID: SA000953R

Sample Description:

This sample consists of individuals belonging to Galvão, an African-derived community located in the Ribeira River Valley in the southern part of São Paulo State, Brazil. This community has a total of 134 inhabitants. Informed consent was obtained from all participants.

Before the abolition of slavery in Brazil (1888), many communities (quilombos) were founded by fled or abandoned African slaves. It is estimated that there are at least 700 such communities within Brazilian territory. These communities can be regarded as relics of the original African contribution to the Brazilian population.

Number of Chromosomes: 100

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Cotrim NH, Auricchio MT, Vicente JP, Otto PA, Mingroni-Netto RC. "Polymorphic Alu insertions in six Brazilian African-derived populations". Am J Hum Biol. 16:264-277. (2004) Online citation.

Sample Name: Maria Rosa

Sample UID: SA000957V

Sample Description:

This sample consists of individuals belonging to Maria Rosa, an African-derived community located in the Ribeira River Valley in the southern part of São Paulo State, Brazil. This community has a total of 56 inhabitants. Informed consent was obtained from all participants.

Before the abolition of slavery in Brazil (1888), many communities (quilombos) were founded by fled or abandoned African slaves. It is estimated that there are at least 700 such communities within Brazilian territory. These communities can be regarded as relics of the original African contribution to the Brazilian population.

Number of Chromosomes: 44

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Cotrim NH, Auricchio MT, Vicente JP, Otto PA, Mingroni-Netto RC. "Polymorphic Alu insertions in six Brazilian African-derived populations". Am J Hum Biol. 16:264-277. (2004) Online citation.

Sample Name: Brazilian, Caucasian

Sample UID: SA001354N

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated Brazilian Caucasians living in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Number of Chromosomes: 408

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Soares-Vieira JA, Billerbeck AE, Pinto EM, Iwamura ES, Bilharinho de Mendonca B, Otto PA. "Population genetics of nine short tandem repeat loci: allele frequency distribution in a Brazilian population sample". Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 23:186-190. (2002) Online citation.

Sample Name: Brazilian

Sample UID: SA003759Y

Sample Description:This sample consists of blood donors from Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. This research was approved by the committee of the Universidade Federal da Bahia. The sample consists of 68 men and 32 women.

Number of Chromosomes: 200

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Felix GES, Abe-Sandes K, Bonfim T, Bendicho MT, Cisneiros P, Guedes R, Brandao CJF, Torres AJL, Brites C, Netto EM, meyer R, Freire SM "Ancestry informative markers and complete blood count parameters in Brazilian blood donors". Rev.Bras.Hematol.Homoter 32:282-285. (2010)

Sample Name: Africans, Brazil

Sample UID: SA003544Q

Sample Description:This sample consists of self-identified African descents from general population selected using the Hearts of Brazil Project (HBP). The study protocol was approved by the involved Institutional Ethics Committees and National Ethic Committee for Human Research and written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to entering the study.

Number of Chromosomes: 198

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Santos PC, Soares RA, Santos DG, Nascimento RM, Coelho GL, Nicolau JC, Mill JG, Krieger JE, Pereira AC. "CYP2C19 and ABCB1 gene polymorphisms are differently distributed according to ethnicity in the Brazilian general population". BMC Med Genet 12:13. (2011) Online citation.

Sample Name: Brazilian (Africans)

Sample UID: SA004160L

Sample Description:The study cohort consisted of 981 individuals recruited from the North, Northeast, and South regions of Brazil.All individuals from the Southern sample were selected at random at the Clinical Analysis Laboratory of the Pharmacy School of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, among those who came from several city health centers for free routine blood determinations.

This sample is part of the study cohort and includes 182 African Brazilians from Porto Alegre (Southern Brazil)

Number of Chromosomes: 364

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Friedrich DC, Santos SE, Ribeiro-Dos-Santos AK, Hutz MH. "Several different lactase persistence associated alleles and high diversity of the lactase gene in the admixed brazilian population". PLoS One. 7:(2012) Online citation.

Sample Name: Porto Alegre, African

Sample UID: SA000775T

Sample Description:This sample consists of African Brazilians from Porto Alegre. Porto Alegre is the capital of the southernmost Brazilian state. This sample was collected from ambulatory patients seen at two general public hospitals for prenatal or presurgical examinations. The mean age is 38 years.

Number of Chromosomes: 274

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Gaspar PA, Kvitko K, Papadopolis LG, Hutz MH, Weimer TA "High frequency of CYP1A1*2C allele in Brazilian populations". Hum Biol. 74:235-42. (2002) Online citation.

Sample Name: Pedro Cubas

Sample UID: SA000955T

Sample Description:

This sample consists of individuals belonging to Pedro Cubas, an African-derived community located in the Ribeira River Valley in the southern part of São Paulo State, Brazil. This community has a total of 286 inhabitants. Informed consent was obtained from all participants.

Before the abolition of slavery in Brazil (1888), many communities (quilombos) were founded by fled or abandoned African slaves. It is estimated that there are at least 700 such communities within Brazilian territory. These communities can be regarded as relics of the original African contribution to the Brazilian population.

Number of Chromosomes: 234

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Cotrim NH, Auricchio MT, Vicente JP, Otto PA, Mingroni-Netto RC. "Polymorphic Alu insertions in six Brazilian African-derived populations". Am J Hum Biol. 16:264-277. (2004) Online citation.

Sample Name: Mixed Europeans, Brazil

Sample UID: SA000204G

Sample Description:The European-derived sample consisted of 61 individuals who came to the Genetics Department of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) for paternity testing. The sample is from Porto Alegre (51?10'W, 30?5'S), which is the capital of Brazil's southernmost state, Rio Grande do Sul, and has about 1,300,000 inhabitants. Persons of European ancestry in Porto Alegre are mainly descendants of Portuguese settlers, but other Europeans (Italians, Germans, and Spaniards) have also contributed to their gene pool.

Number of Chromosomes: 122

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Bogdawa HM, Hutz MH, Salzano FM, Weimer TA. "Diversity of Two Short Tandem Repeat Loci (CD4 and F13A1) in Three Brazilian Ethnic Groups". Hum. Biol. 72:1045-1053. (2000) Online citation.

Sample Name: Brazilian

Sample UID: SA001054K

Sample Description:This sample consists of 800 unrelated healthy individuals mainly from the central,southeastern and southern regions of Brazil and to a lesser extent from the northern and northeastern region.These individuals constituted a representative sample of the typically mixed ethnicity in Brazil.

Number of Chromosomes: 1600

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Grattapaglia D, Schmidt AB, Costa e Silva C, Stringher C, Fernandes AP, Ferreira ME "Brazilian population database for the 13 STR loci of the AmpFlSTR Profiler Plus and Cofiler multiplex kits ". Forensic Sci Int 118:91-4. (2001) Online citation.

Sample Name: Brazilian

Sample UID: SA001247O

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated healthy adults mainly from south-eastern, southern and central Brazil. These individuals constitute a representative sample of the characteristically mixed ethnicity present in Brazil.

Number of Chromosomes: 36546

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Whittle MR, Romano NL, Negreiros VA. "Updated Brazilian genetic data, together with mutation rates, on 19 STR loci, including D10S1237". Forensic Sci Int 139:207-210. (2004) Online citation.

Sample Name: Brazilians (Caucasians)

Sample UID: SA003843S

Sample Description:This sample consists of Brazilians of Caucasian descent.

Number of Chromosomes: 798

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Mattar R, Monteiro MS, Villares CA, Santos AF, Silva JM, Carrilho FJ. "Frequency of LCT -13910C>T single nucleotide polymorphism associated with adult-type hypolactasia/lactase persistence among Brazilians of different ethnic groups". Nutr J. 8:46. (2009) Online citation.

Sample Name: Manhuacu

Sample UID: SA003524O

Sample Description:This sample consists of Brazilian individuals from the city of Manhuacu, eastern Minas Gerais. They were healthy and unrelated blood donors attending centers of the Minas Gerais Blood Bank in their respective cities.

Number of Chromosomes: 60

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Silva MC, Zuccherato LW, Soares-Souza GB, Vieira ZM, Cabrera L, Herrera P, Balqui J, Romero C, Jahuira H, Gilman RH, Martins ML, Tarazona-Santos E. "Development of two multiplex mini-sequencing panels of ancestry informative SNPs for studies in Latin Americans: an application to populations of the State of Minas Gerais (Brazil)". Genet Mol Res. 9:2069-85. (2010) Online citation.

Sample Name: Caucasians

Sample UID: SA003543P

Sample Description:This sample consists of self-identified Caucasians from general population selected using the Hearts of Brazil Project (HBP). The study protocol was approved by the involved Institutional Ethics Committees and National Ethic Committee for Human Research and written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to entering the study.

Number of Chromosomes: 1230

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Santos PC, Soares RA, Santos DG, Nascimento RM, Coelho GL, Nicolau JC, Mill JG, Krieger JE, Pereira AC. "CYP2C19 and ABCB1 gene polymorphisms are differently distributed according to ethnicity in the Brazilian general population". BMC Med Genet 12:13. (2011) Online citation.

Sample Name: Mulattos

Sample UID: SA003545R

Sample Description:This sample consists of self-identified Mulattos from general population selected using the Hearts of Brazil Project (HBP). The study protocol was approved by the involved Institutional Ethics Committees and National Ethic Committee for Human Research and written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to entering the study.

Number of Chromosomes: 630

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Santos PC, Soares RA, Santos DG, Nascimento RM, Coelho GL, Nicolau JC, Mill JG, Krieger JE, Pereira AC. "CYP2C19 and ABCB1 gene polymorphisms are differently distributed according to ethnicity in the Brazilian general population". BMC Med Genet 12:13. (2011) Online citation.

Sample Name: Brazilian Caucasians

Sample UID: SA003546S

Sample Description:This sample consists of control group who were treated with osteointegrated implants and without any loss. The study sample is from the south region of Brazil in Parana state.

Number of Chromosomes: 366

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Dirschnabel AJ, Alvim-Pereira F, Alvim-Pereira CC, Bernardino JF, Rosa EA, Trevilatto PC. "Analysis of the association of IL1B(C-511T) polymorphism with dental implant loss and the clusterization phenomenon". Clin Oral Implants Res (Epub, ahead of print) (2011)

Sample Name: Rio de Janeiro

Sample UID: SA003929X

Sample Description:This sample consists of mixed origin (whites, Blacks and Mullatoes) from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Number of Chromosomes: 216

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Hamada GS, Sugimura H, Suzuki I, Nagura K, Kiyokawa E, Iwase T, Tanaka M, Takahashi T, Watanabe S, Kino I, et al. "The heme-binding region polymorphism of cytochrome P450IA1 (CypIA1), rather than the RsaI polymorphism of IIE1 (CypIIE1), is associated with lung cancer in Rio de Janeiro". Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 4:63-7. (1995) Online citation.

Sample Name: Rio de Janeiro

Sample UID: SA002746T

Sample Description:This sample consists of individuals from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil who were recruited as controls for a study on upper aero-digestive cancer. Controls were frequency matched on age, sex and centre from the same hospitals as cases.

Number of Chromosomes: 416

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Hashibe M, McKay JD, Curado MP, Oliveira JC, Koifman S, Koifman R, Zaridze D, Shangina O, Wünsch-Filho V, Eluf-Neto J, Levi JE, Matos E, Lagiou P, Lagiou A, Benhamou S et.al. "Multiple ADH genes are associated with upper aerodigestive cancers". Nat Genet. 40:707-9. (2008) Online citation.

Sample Name: Rio das Ras

Sample UID: SA002385S

Sample Description:This sample was obtained from Rio das Ras, a quilombo community lying near the eastern margin of the Sao Fransisco river and which had at the time of sampling an estimated population of 4,000 people distributed between two large villages and several small villages 9e.g Enchu, Retiro and Capao do Cedro). 100 individuals were selected for the study of which 72 are born locally and 28 are recent immigrants.

Before the abolition of slavery in Brazil (1888), many communities (quilombos) were founded by fled or abandoned African slaves. It is estimated that there are at least 700 such communities within Brazilian territory. These communities can be regarded as relics of the original African contribution to the Brazilian population

Number of Chromosomes: 200

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Carvalho, Mônica W.P.; Leboute, Ana P.M.; Oliveira, Silviene F.; Sousa, Sandra M.B.; Klautau-Guimarães, Maria de Nazaré; Simões, Aguinaldo L. "CCR5D32 mutation in three Brazilian populations of predominantly Sub-Saharan African ancestry". Genet. Mol. Biol. 27:321-325. (2004)

Sample Name: Belem

Sample UID: SA004161M

Sample Description:The study cohort consisted of 981 individuals recruited from the North, Northeast, and South regions of Brazil. All individuals from the Southern sample were selected at random at the Clinical Analysis Laboratory of the Pharmacy School of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, among those who came from several city health centers for free routine blood determinations.

The Northern sample consisted of 200 individuals from the city of Belém in the Brazilian Amazon region ascertained at the Federal University of Pará.

Number of Chromosomes: 400

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Friedrich DC, Santos SE, Ribeiro-Dos-Santos AK, Hutz MH. "Several different lactase persistence associated alleles and high diversity of the lactase gene in the admixed brazilian population". PLoS One. 7:(2012) Online citation.

Sample Name: Abobral

Sample UID: SA000952Q

Sample Description:

This sample consists of individuals belonging to Abobral, an African-derived community located in the Ribeira River Valley in the southern part of São Paulo State, Brazil. This community has a total of 397 inhabitants. Informed consent was obtained from all participants.

Before the abolition of slavery in Brazil (1888), many communities (quilombos) were founded by fled or abandoned African slaves. It is estimated that there are at least 700 such communities within Brazilian territory. These communities can be regarded as relics of the original African contribution to the Brazilian population.

Number of Chromosomes: 246

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Cotrim NH, Auricchio MT, Vicente JP, Otto PA, Mingroni-Netto RC. "Polymorphic Alu insertions in six Brazilian African-derived populations". Am J Hum Biol. 16:264-277. (2004) Online citation.

Sample Name: Rio de Janeiro

Sample UID: SA001072K

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated individuals from the Rio de Janeiro State in southeast Brazil.

Number of Chromosomes: 468

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Silva DA, Crouse CA, Chakraborty R, Goes AC, Carvalho EF. "Statistical analyses of 14 short tandem repeat loci in Brazilian populations from Rio de Janeiro and Mato Grosso do Sul states for forensic and identity testing purposes". Forensic Sci Int. 139:173-176. (2004) Online citation.

Sample Name: Pelotas

Sample UID: SA002745S

Sample Description:This sample consists of individuals from Pelotas, Brazil who were recruited as controls for a study on upper aero-digestive cancer. Controls were frequency matched on age, sex and centre from the same hospitals as cases.

Number of Chromosomes: 444

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Hashibe M, McKay JD, Curado MP, Oliveira JC, Koifman S, Koifman R, Zaridze D, Shangina O, Wünsch-Filho V, Eluf-Neto J, Levi JE, Matos E, Lagiou P, Lagiou A, Benhamou S et.al. "Multiple ADH genes are associated with upper aerodigestive cancers". Nat Genet. 40:707-9. (2008) Online citation.

Sample Name: Salvador

Sample UID: SA000777V

Sample Description:This sample consists of African Brazilians from Salvador. Salvador is the capital of the Brazilian northeastern state of Bahia. This sample was collected from newborn children at a public hospital and from blood donors at a public university hospital. The mean age of the donors was 29 years.

Number of Chromosomes: 60

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Gaspar PA, Kvitko K, Papadopolis LG, Hutz MH, Weimer TA "High frequency of CYP1A1*2C allele in Brazilian populations". Hum Biol. 74:235-42. (2002) Online citation.

Sample Name: Brazilian, Mulattoes

Sample UID: SA001355O

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated Brazilian Mulattoes living in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Number of Chromosomes: 172

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Soares-Vieira JA, Billerbeck AE, Pinto EM, Iwamura ES, Bilharinho de Mendonca B, Otto PA. "Population genetics of nine short tandem repeat loci: allele frequency distribution in a Brazilian population sample". Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 23:186-190. (2002) Online citation.

Sample Name: African-Brazilians

Sample UID: SA003568W

Sample Description:This sample consists of African-Brazilians who were controls in a study conducted at the homodynamic unit of Santa Izabel's Hospital in Salvador, Bahia state, Brazil. All subjects provided informed written consent approved by the Hospital Ethics Committee.

Number of Chromosomes: 60

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Rios DL, D'Onofrio LO, Souza JK, Queiroz AM, Raduy-Maron L, Silva-Neto N, Carvalho HG, Santos-Filho A, Galvão-Castro B. "Smoking-dependent and haplotype-specific effects of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms on angiographically assessed coronary artery disease in Caucasian- and African-Brazilians". Atherosclerosis 193:135-41. (2007) Online citation.

Sample Name: Brazilian

Sample UID: SA002681R

Sample Description:This sample consists of ethnically matched healthy controls who were recruited from the Blood Donation Service at the Hospital das Clinicas, University of Sao Paulo Medical School and the hospital's Ethics Commitee approved the study.

Number of Chromosomes: 452

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Cordeiro Q, Talkowski M, Wood J, Ikenaga E, Vallada H "Lack of association between VNTR polymorphism of dopamine transporter gene (SLC6A3) and schizophrenia in a Brazilian sample". Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 62:973-6. (2004) Online citation.

Sample Name: Sao Goncalo

Sample UID: SA002387U

Sample Description:This sample was obtained from Sao Goncalo, a quilombo community which had an estimated population of 194 population of 194 people, of which we sampled 53, 38 born locally and 15 recent immigrants.

Before the abolition of slavery in Brazil (1888), many communities (quilombos) were founded by fled or abandoned African slaves. It is estimated that there are at least 700 such communities within Brazilian territory. These communities can be regarded as relics of the original African contribution to the Brazilian population.

Number of Chromosomes: 106

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Carvalho, Mônica W.P.; Leboute, Ana P.M.; Oliveira, Silviene F.; Sousa, Sandra M.B.; Klautau-Guimarães, Maria de Nazaré; Simões, Aguinaldo L. "CCR5D32 mutation in three Brazilian populations of predominantly Sub-Saharan African ancestry". Genet. Mol. Biol. 27:321-325. (2004)

Sample Name: Rio de Janeiro

Sample UID: SA004087T

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated individuals from paternity cases in Rio de Janeiro, South East Brazil.

Number of Chromosomes: 274

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Manta F, Caiafa A, Pereira R, Silva D, Amorim A, Carvalho EF, Gusmão L. "Indel markers: Genetic diversity of 38 polymorphisms in Brazilian populations and application in a paternity investigation with post mortem material". Forensic Sci Int Genet.(Epub, ahead of print) (2012) Online citation.

Sample Name: Porto Alegre, European

Sample UID: SA000778W

Sample Description:This sample consists of European Brazilians from Porto Alegre. Porto Alegre is the capital of the southernmost Brazilian state. This sample was collected from unrelated adults participating in paternity investigations. The mean age of the individuals was 31 years.

Number of Chromosomes: 172

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Gaspar PA, Kvitko K, Papadopolis LG, Hutz MH, Weimer TA "High frequency of CYP1A1*2C allele in Brazilian populations". Hum Biol. 74:235-42. (2002) Online citation.

Sample Name: São Pedro

Sample UID: SA000954S

Sample Description:

This sample consists of individuals belonging to São Pedro, an African-derived community located in the Ribeira River Valley in the southern part of São Paulo State, Brazil. This community has a total of 132 inhabitants. Informed consent was obtained from all participants.

Before the abolition of slavery in Brazil (1888), many communities (quilombos) were founded by fled or abandoned African slaves. It is estimated that there are at least 700 such communities within Brazilian territory. These communities can be regarded as relics of the original African contribution to the Brazilian population.

Number of Chromosomes: 102

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Cotrim NH, Auricchio MT, Vicente JP, Otto PA, Mingroni-Netto RC. "Polymorphic Alu insertions in six Brazilian African-derived populations". Am J Hum Biol. 16:264-277. (2004) Online citation.

Sample Name: Brazilian Blacks

Sample UID: SA000809R

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated, male and female Brazilian Blacks. All participants denied any ancestors belonging to other ethnic groups. All individuals gave consent.

Number of Chromosomes: 59

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Figueiredo MS, Bowen DJ, Silva Junior WA, Zago MA "Factor IX gene haplotypes in Brazilian blacks and characterization of unusual DdeI alleles". Br J Haematol. 87:789-96.. (1994) Online citation.

Sample Name: Pontal (Brazilian, African)

Sample UID: SA000853Q

Sample Description:This sample consists of African Brazilians (22 males and 32 females) from the community of Pontal. This community comprises 312 individuals of African ancestry and is located near the town of Bequimao, in the state of Maranhao (Brazil).

Number of Chromosomes: 86

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Mingroni-Netto RC, Angeli CB, Auricchio MT, Leal-Mesquita ER, Ribeiro-dos-Santos AK, Ferrari I, Hutz MH, Salzano FM, Hill K, Hurtado AM, Vianna-Morgante AM. "Distribution of CGG repeats and FRAXAC1/DXS548 alleles in South American populations". Am J Med Genet 111:243-252. (2002) Online citation.

Sample Name: Cajual (Brazilian, African)

Sample UID: SA000855S

Sample Description:This sample consists of African Brazilians (12 males and 23 females) from the community of Cajual. Cajual is an island with 216 inhabitants, near the town of Alcantara, in the state of Maranhao (Brazil).

Number of Chromosomes: 58

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Mingroni-Netto RC, Angeli CB, Auricchio MT, Leal-Mesquita ER, Ribeiro-dos-Santos AK, Ferrari I, Hutz MH, Salzano FM, Hill K, Hurtado AM, Vianna-Morgante AM. "Distribution of CGG repeats and FRAXAC1/DXS548 alleles in South American populations". Am J Med Genet 111:243-252. (2002) Online citation.

Sample Name: Brazillians

Sample UID: SA003798B

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated Brazilian individuals who underwent paternity testing in the Hermes Pardini Laboratory, Minas Gerais, Brazil. These individuals were representative of all 5 geographical regions and the Federal District of Brazil.

Number of Chromosomes: 274322

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Aguiar VR, Wolfgramm ED, Malta FS, Bosque AG, Mafia AD, Almeida VC, Caxito FD, Pardini VC, Ferreira AC, Louro ID. "Updated Brazilian STR allele frequency data using over 100,000 individuals: An analysis of CSF1PO, D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820, D8S1179, D13S317, D16S539, D18S51, D21S11, FGA, Penta D, Penta E, TH01, TPOX and vWA loci". Forensic Sci Int Genet. (Epub,ahead of print) (2011) Online citation.

Sample Name: Caucasian-Brazilians

Sample UID: SA003567V

Sample Description:This sample consists of Caucasian-Brazilians who were controls in a study conducted at the homodynamic unit of Santa Izabel's Hospital in Salvador, Bahia state, Brazil. All subjects provided informed written consent approved by the Hospital Ethics Committee.

Number of Chromosomes: 62

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Rios DL, D'Onofrio LO, Souza JK, Queiroz AM, Raduy-Maron L, Silva-Neto N, Carvalho HG, Santos-Filho A, Galvão-Castro B. "Smoking-dependent and haplotype-specific effects of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms on angiographically assessed coronary artery disease in Caucasian- and African-Brazilians". Atherosclerosis 193:135-41. (2007) Online citation.

Sample Name: Goiana

Sample UID: SA002744R

Sample Description:This sample consists of individuals from Buenos Aires, Brazil who were recruited as controls for a study on upper aero-digestive cancer. Controls were frequency matched on age, sex and centre from the same hospitals as cases.

Number of Chromosomes: 410

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Hashibe M, McKay JD, Curado MP, Oliveira JC, Koifman S, Koifman R, Zaridze D, Shangina O, Wünsch-Filho V, Eluf-Neto J, Levi JE, Matos E, Lagiou P, Lagiou A, Benhamou S et.al. "Multiple ADH genes are associated with upper aerodigestive cancers". Nat Genet. 40:707-9. (2008) Online citation.

Sample Name: Belem

Sample UID: SA002413K

Sample Description:This sample consists of anonymous individuals from the population of Belem collected in clinical analysis laboratory. All subjects gave informed written consent for the study.

Number of Chromosomes: 788

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- De Pinho Lott Carvalhaes FA, Cardoso GL, Hamoy IG, Liu YT, Guerreiro JF "Distribution of CCR5-delta32, CCR2-64I, and SDF1-3'A mutations in populations from the Brazilian Amazon region". Hum Biol. 76:643-6. (2004) Online citation.

Sample Name: Brazilian Blacks

Sample UID: SA003140I

Sample Description:This group consists of 67 males and 80 females ranging in age from 12 to 60 years. This group contained the students and staff of laboratories in the Federal University of Bahia, State of Bahia, northwestern Brazil where the majority of the population are of African descent derived from the slave trade. This sample was collected by Marilda S. Goncalves.

Number of Chromosomes: 274

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Arruda VR, Siqueira LH, Gonçalves MS, von Zuben PM, Soares MC, Menezes R, Annichino-Bizzacchi JM, Costa FF "Prevalence of the mutation C677 --> T in the methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase gene among distinct ethnic groups in Brazil". Am J Med Genet. 78:332-5. (1998) Online citation.

Sample Name: Brazilian (European)

Sample UID: SA004159T

Sample Description:The study cohort consisted of 981 individuals recruited from the North, Northeast, and South regions of Brazil. All individuals from the Southern sample were selected at random at the Clinical Analysis Laboratory of the Pharmacy School of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, among those who came from several city health centers for free routine blood determinations.

This sample is part of the study cohort and includes 337 individuals of European ancestry from Porto Alegre (Southern Brazil).

Number of Chromosomes: 774

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Friedrich DC, Santos SE, Ribeiro-Dos-Santos AK, Hutz MH. "Several different lactase persistence associated alleles and high diversity of the lactase gene in the admixed brazilian population". PLoS One. 7:(2012) Online citation.

Sample Name: Rio de Janeiro

Sample UID: SA000776U

Sample Description:This sample consists of African Brazilians from Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro is the capital of the eastern Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. This sample was collected from blood donors of the Hemotherapy Service at a public hospital. The mean age of the donors was 34 years.

Number of Chromosomes: 128

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Gaspar PA, Kvitko K, Papadopolis LG, Hutz MH, Weimer TA "High frequency of CYP1A1*2C allele in Brazilian populations". Hum Biol. 74:235-42. (2002) Online citation.

Sample Name: Brazilian, Caucasian

Sample UID: SA000913N

Sample Description:This sample consists of individuals involved in disputed paternity cases investigated by the Department of Genetics of the University of Sao Paulo Hospital at Ribeirao, Sao Paulo (Brazil). The individuals were white , originating from the surrounding area, and they included 157 mother-child-alleged father trios, 3 mother-2 children-alleged father cases, 7 pairs of genitor-child and 25 independent individuals.

Number of Chromosomes: 704

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Pagotto RC, Canas MC, Brito RO, Simoes AL. "Allele frequencies of three STRs of the human von Willebrand factor gene (vWF) in a Brazilian population sample". Int J Legal Med 112:326-328. (1999) Online citation.

Sample Name: Mixed African, Brazil

Sample UID: SA000205H

Sample Description:People of African ancestry constitute approximately 14% of the population and descend from individuals brought to Brazil between the 15th and 18th centuries, mainly from Africa's West Coast, but also from Angola and Mozambique. Blood samples from 61 African-derived individuals were obtained at the central laboratory of a general public hospital (Santa Casa de Misericordia), to which they went for routine blood examinations.

Number of Chromosomes: 122

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Bogdawa HM, Hutz MH, Salzano FM, Weimer TA. "Diversity of Two Short Tandem Repeat Loci (CD4 and F13A1) in Three Brazilian Ethnic Groups". Hum. Biol. 72:1045-1053. (2000) Online citation.

Sample Name: Brazilian, Caucasian

Sample UID: SA003141J

Sample Description:This sample consists of Brazilians of Caucasian descent recruited by Lucia H. Siqueira from the laboratory staff, students and physicians of the State University of Campinas, State of Sao Paulo, SOutheastern brazil. Their age group ranged from 19 to 62 years and the ancestors were usually from Italy, Spain, Portugal, Austria and Germany.

Number of Chromosomes: 214

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Arruda VR, Siqueira LH, Gonçalves MS, von Zuben PM, Soares MC, Menezes R, Annichino-Bizzacchi JM, Costa FF "Prevalence of the mutation C677 --> T in the methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase gene among distinct ethnic groups in Brazil". Am J Med Genet. 78:332-5. (1998) Online citation.

Sample Name: Brazilian

Sample UID: SA002388V

Sample Description:This sample consists of random unrelated volunteers from the urban Brazilian population. The ethnic structure of the urban Brazilian population is heterogenous. Europeans, Asiatics, Arabians, Africans and native Amerindians contribute to the present Brazilian population.

Number of Chromosomes: 200

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Passos GA Jr, Picanço VP "Frequency of the delta ccr5 deletion allele in the urban Brazilian population". Immunol Lett. 61:205-7. (1998) Online citation.

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© 2012 Kenneth K Kidd, Yale University. All rights reserved. The full Copyright Notification is also available.
Originally prototyped by Michael Osier with the aid of Kei Cheung
Upgrades and maintenance since 2002 by Haseena Rajeevan