ALFRED: allele frequency database
      The ALlele FREquency Database   
ALFRED is a resource of gene frequency data on human populations
supported by the U. S. National Science Foundation.
ALFRED detailed record information

Population Information

NameALFRED UIDPrimary LanguageLanguage Family
EgyptiansPO000048MARABIC, EGYPTIAN SPOKENAFRO-ASIATIC

Synonyms:
Geographic Location1:  25N, 25E; 35N, 35E  

Sites typed for this population: View List
Population Samples: See Sample Information
External Resources: Ethnologue: Language Description Record    Encyclopaedia of the Orient Egypt Country Profile Reference Record    EthnoAtlas: Group Record Record    Ethnologue: Language Map Record    Encarta: Egypt Record    
References: See references
Population Description: Egypt has been an international country for over 6,000 years. It is for this reason that it is difficult to localize an "Egyptian Race." The population of Egypt is predominantly a mixture of Egyptians and Arabs with some Nubian and Berber blood. (There are some exceptions of pure populations in the south.) Egyptians today consider themselves Arabs as well as direct descendants of the ancient Egyptians- both perspectives are correct. Although the amount of Egyptian blood is dramatically large compared to the amount Arab blood, the Arabic culture has dramatically impacted the identity and language of the Egyptian people. The racial impact varies from the north to the south in the country. Typically, Egyptians have lighter skin color the further north one travels. There are groups of racial exceptions, however it holds as a general rule due to the fact that the further north one travels the less contact one makes with Negroid populations from the Sudanese area.
References:
- Hodge CT. "An Egyptian etymology: Egypto-Coptic mjc". Anthropological Linguistics 39:196-219. (1997)

- Klintschar M, Kozma Z, al Hammadi N, Abdull Fatah M, Nohammer C. "A study on the short tandem repeat systems HumCD4, HumTH01 and HumFIBRA in population samples from Yemen and Egypt". Int. J. Legal Med. 111:107-9. (1998)

- Klintschar M, Ricci U, Hammadi NA, Reichenpfader B, Ebner A, Uzielli MLG. "Genetic variation at the STR loci D12S391 and CSF1PO in four populations from Austria, Italy, Egypt and Yemen". Forensic Science International 97:37-45. (1998)



Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Egyptian

Sample UID: SA001047M

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated healthy volunteer donors from El-Mina City (central Egypt).

Number of Chromosomes: 300

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Ahmed A, Linacre AM, Mohammed AA, Vanezis P, Goodwin W. "STR population data for 10 STR loci including the GenePrint PowerPlex 1.2 kit from El-Minia (Central Egypt)". Forensic Sci Int. 117:233-234. (2001) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Egypt-Ismailia

Sample UID: SA002227N

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated individuals living in Ismailia, Egypt. Informed consent were obtained from all individuals.

Number of Chromosomes: 308

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Salem AH, Batzer MA. "Distribution of the HIV resistance CCR5-Delta32 allele among Egyptians and Syrians". Mutat Res. 616:175-80. (2007) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Egyptians

Sample UID: SA003953U

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated Egyptian subjects. All the students and staff are from the Cairo university.

Number of Chromosomes: 470

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Hamdy SI, Hiratsuka M, Narahara K, El-Enany M, Moursi N, Ahmed MS, Mizugaki M. "Allele and genotype frequencies of polymorphic cytochromes P450 (CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2E1) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) in the Egyptian population". Br J Clin Pharmacol. 53:596-603. (2006) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Egypt

Sample UID: SA003772T

Sample Description:This sample consists of autochthonous, unrelated and healthy donors of both sexes from Egypt who gave their informed consent.

Number of Chromosomes: 244

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Predazzi IM, Martínez-Labarga C, Vecchione L, Mango R, Ciccacci C, Amati F, Ottoni C, Crawford MH, Rickards O, Romeo F, Novelli G. "Population differences in allele frequencies at the OLR1 locus may suggest geographic disparities in cardiovascular risk events". Ann Hum Biol. 37:136-48. (2010) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Egyptians

Sample UID: SA000048M

Sample Description: The blood samples are of Arabic-speaking Moslems from various upper Egyptian cities. The sources of this sample are S. Paabo, M. Krings (University of Munich) and A.K. Malek (University of Assiut).

Number of Chromosomes: 84

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Tishkoff SA, Dietzsch E, Speed W, Pakstis AJ, Cheung K, Kidd JR, Bonne-Tamir B, Santachiara-Benerecetti AS, Moral P, Watson E, Krings M, Paabo S, Risch N, Jenkins T, Kidd KK. "Global patterns of linkage disequilibrium at the CD4 locus and modern human origins". Science 271:1380-7. (1996) Online citation.

- Tishkoff SA, Goldman A, Calafell F, Speed WC, Deinard AS, Bonne-Tamir B, Kidd JR, Pakstis AJ, Jenkins T, Kidd KK. "A global haplotype analysis of the myotonic dystrophy locus: implications for the evolution of modern humans and for the origin of myotonic dystrophy mutations". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 62:1389-402. (1998) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Egyptian

Sample UID: SA003042J

Sample Description:This sample consists of Egyptian mothers who had given birth to healthy children and who lived near National Research Center, Egypt.

Number of Chromosomes: 96

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Meguid NA, Dardir AA, Khass M, Hossieny LE, Ezzat A, El Awady MK "MTHFR genetic polymorphism as a risk factor in Egyptian mothers with Down syndrome children". Dis Markers. 24:19-26. (2008) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Egyptians

Sample UID: SA002238P

Sample Description:This sample included voluntary blood donors and healthy relatives of Egyptian individuals living in Kuwait who were referred to the Kuwait Medical Genetics Center.

Number of Chromosomes: 144

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Voevodin A, Samilchuk E, Dashti S "A survey for 32 nucleotide deletion in the CCR-5 chemokine receptor gene (deltaccr-5) conferring resistance to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in different ethnic groups and in chimpanzees". J Med Virol. 55:147-51. (1998) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Egyptian

Sample UID: SA001020D

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated Egyptian Caucasians from the Cairo area.

Number of Chromosomes: 280

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Klintschar M, al-Hammadi N, Reichenpfader B. "Population genetic studies on the tetrameric short tandem repeat loci D3S1358, VWA, FGA, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, D5S818, D13S317 and D7S820 in Egypt". Forensic Sci Int 104:23-31. (1999) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Egypt

Sample UID: SA001839V

Sample Description:This sample consists of healthy, unrelated Arab and Berber individuals from Egypt.

Number of Chromosomes: 80

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Terreros MC, Martinez L, Herrera RJ. "Polymorphic Alu insertions and genetic diversity among African populations". Hum Biol. 77:675-704. (2005) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Egyptians

Sample UID: SA003579Y

Sample Description:This sample consists of Healthy Egyptians recruited from the Internal Medicine Department, Kasr El-Aini Hospital, Egypt.

Number of Chromosomes: 200

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Motawi T, Shaker O, Taha M, Sedrak H, Nabil M. "Endothelial nitric oxide synthase and angiotensinogen gene polymorphism in coronary artery diseases in Egypt". Angiology. 62:191-7. (2011) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Egypt-Sinai

Sample UID: SA002228O

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated individuals living in Sinai, Egypt. Informed consent were obtained from all individuals.

Number of Chromosomes: 92

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Salem AH, Batzer MA. "Distribution of the HIV resistance CCR5-Delta32 allele among Egyptians and Syrians". Mutat Res. 616:175-80. (2007) Online citation.


1Geographic Coordinates represent two opposite corners of a rectangle encompassing the area where the population lives.This data is preliminary and changing.

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© 2012 Kenneth K Kidd, Yale University. All rights reserved. The full Copyright Notification is also available.
Originally prototyped by Michael Osier with the aid of Kei Cheung
Upgrades and maintenance since 2002 by Haseena Rajeevan