ALFRED: allele frequency database
      The ALlele FREquency Database   
ALFRED is a resource of gene frequency data on human populations
supported by the U. S. National Science Foundation.
ALFRED detailed record information

Population Information

NameALFRED UIDPrimary LanguageLanguage Family
RomaPO000116IROMANI, CARPATHIANIndo-European

Synonyms: Romany ;
Geographic Location1:  unlisted, unlisted; unlisted, unlisted  
Sites typed for this population: View List
Population Samples: See Sample Information
External Resources: Ethnologue: Language Description Record     Land, ownership and living environment of Roma min Record     Roma in Slovakia Record    Ethnologue: Country Description Record    
References: See references
Population Description: The Roma form a unique cultural, ethnic and linguistic group found in many diverse parts of the world. They are a traditionally nomadic people (often referred to as Gypsies) who can be divided into specific nations or tribes that are renowned for their strong group identity, music, dance, and entertainment. Although there is a lack of precise historical information about this group it seems that they left northern India in several migratory waves arriving in Europe approximately 500 years ago. Despite the face that they have greatly influenced many cultures in the countries where they live, discrimination against Roma has persisted in much of Europe since shortly after their initial migration to Europe. The European groups make up the largest ethnic minority, the largest concentration being in the Balkans, Central Europe, and Russia. However they can be found throughout the whole of Europe, the Middle East, the northern part of Africa, and the Americas. Their language, Romani, is an Indo-European language that is usually spoken, not written.
References:
- Hodgson R. "Early Romani". Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society 52:87-9. (1973)

- Zatta JDD "Oral tradition and social context: language and cognitive structure among the Roma". Papers from the annual meetings. Gypsy Lore Society North American Chapter 51-76. (1990)


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Hungarian Romanies

Sample UID: SA001793U

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated Hungarian Romanies residing in south-western Hungary (Baranya County).

Number of Chromosomes: 412

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Egyed B, Furedi S, Angyal M, Balogh I, Kalmar L, Padar Z. "Analysis of the population heterogeneity in Hungary using fifteen forensically informative STR markers". Forensic Sci Int. 158:244-249. (2006) Online citation.

Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Slovak- Romanies

Sample UID: SA003063M

Sample Description:This sample consists of Romany subjects (68 men and 81 women). They were inhabitants of a village situated in Southwestern Slovakia, which is characterized by a large Romany population. At the time of data collection there was a total of 3322 inhabitants and nearly half of them were Romanies. The sample is representative of the general Romany population.

Number of Chromosomes: 296

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Gasparovic J, Raslová K, Basistová Z, Zacharová M, Wsólová L, Avdicová M, Blazícek P, Lietava J, Siváková D. "Effect of C677T methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphism on plasma homocysteine levels in ethnic groups". Physiol Res. 53:215-8. (2004) Online citation.

Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Roma

Sample UID: SA000131F

Sample Description:Roma from Slovakia

Number of Chromosomes: 170

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Hollox EJ, Poulter M, Zvarik M, Ferak V, Krause A, Jenkins T, Saha N, Kozlov AI, Swallow DM. "Lactase Haplotype Diversity in the Old World ". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 68:160-172. (2001) Online citation.

Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Roma

Sample UID: SA001734P

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated healthy Romani individuals living in different settlements throughout Greece.

Number of Chromosomes: 192

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Deligiannidis P, Triantaphyllidis C, Psaroulis D, Kouvatsi A. "Forensic evaluation of 13 STR loci in the Roma population (Gypsies) of Greece". Forensic Sci Int. 157:198-200. (2006) Online citation.

Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Hungarian Romanies

Sample UID: SA001790R

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated Hungarian Romanies residing in eastern Hungary (Debrecen region).

Number of Chromosomes: 220

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Egyed B, Furedi S, Angyal M, Balogh I, Kalmar L, Padar Z. "Analysis of the population heterogeneity in Hungary using fifteen forensically informative STR markers". Forensic Sci Int. 158:244-249. (2006) Online citation.

Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Romany

Sample UID: SA001347P

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated Romany individuals residing in Baranya county, Southwestern Hungary.

Number of Chromosomes: 412

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Egyed B, Furedi S, Angyal M, Boutrand L, Vandenberghe A, Woller J, Padar Z. "Analysis of eight STR loci in two Hungarian populations". Int J Legal Med. 113:272-275. (2000) Online citation.

Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Roma(rom)

Sample UID: SA004202I

Sample Description:This sample consists of ROma from Spain.

Number of Chromosomes: 124

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Pimenoff VN, Laval G, Comas D, Palo JU, Gut I, Cann H, Excoffier L, Sajantila A. "Similarity in recombination rate and linkage disequilibrium at CYP2C and CYP2D cytochrome P450 gene regions among Europeans indicates signs of selection and no advantage of using tagSNPs in population isolates". Pharmacogenet Genomics. 22:846-857. (2012) Online citation.

Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Romany

Sample UID: SA000892T

Sample Description:This sample consist of unrelated Romany individuals residing in Baranya county (south-western Hungary).

Number of Chromosomes: 270

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Furedi S, Kozma Z, Woller J, Padar Z, Angyal M, Bajnoczky I, Nishi K. "Population genetic data on four STR loci in a Hungarian Romany population". Int J Legal Med 112:72. (1998) Online citation.

Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Bayash Roma

Sample UID: SA003588Y

Sample Description:This sample consists of adults from Roma population living in rural settlements in eastern and northern Croatia. The study protocol was approved by the local Ethics committee. The Bayash are a branch of Romanian speaking Roma living dispersedly in Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe.

Number of Chromosomes: 460

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Zeljko HM, ¿karić-Jurić T, Narančić NS, Tomas ¿, Bare¿ić A, Salihović MP, Starčević B, Janićijević B. "E2 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism is predictive for obesity status in Roma minority population of Croatia". Lipids Health Dis 10:(2011) Online citation.

1Geographic Coordinates represent two opposite corners of a rectangle encompassing the area where the population lives.This data is preliminary and changing.

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© 2012 Kenneth K Kidd, Yale University. All rights reserved. The full Copyright Notification is also available.
Originally prototyped by Michael Osier with the aid of Kei Cheung
Upgrades and maintenance since 2002 by Haseena Rajeevan