ALFRED
      The ALlele FREquency Database   
A resource of gene frequency data on human populations
supported by the U. S. National Science Foundation.
ALFRED detailed record information

Population Information

NameALFRED UIDPrimary LanguageLanguage Family
Sotho-TswanaPO000107INiger-Congo

Synonyms:
Geographic Location1:  17S, 12E; 34S, 32.5E  
Sites typed for this population: View List
Population Samples: See Sample Information
External Resources: Ethnologue: Language Family Tree Record    National Geographic: Culture Record    
References: See references
Population Description: The Sotho-Tswana are part of a Niger-Congo language sub-family, Bantu, from southern Africa. They can be sub-divided into the South, North and West Sotho (Tswana), each with their own language. The Sotho-Tswana are part of a group, which also included the Tsonga and Nguni, who are all Bantu speakers that diverged from one another during the past 1,000-2,000 years (Jorde et al. 1995). The live in patrilineal society is structured according to lineages, which are then subdivided into communities. The Sotho-Tswana tend to live in large groups where endogamy is practiced within their lineage (National Geographic). Missionaries began to work with Sotho-Tswana groups by 1820, however they were not overwhelmingly successful. The traditional religion of the Sotho-Tswana celebrates one god, however most Sotho-Tswana no longer practice any religion.
References:
- Breutz PL "The social and political system of the Sotho-Tswana : four generations of traditional culture change". Ramsgate : P.L. Breutz, 1991. (1991)

- Setiloane GM "The image of God among the Sotho-Tswana ". (1976)


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Sotho/Tswana

Sample UID: SA000528P

Sample Description:This sample consists Sotho/Tswana speakers and is made up of southern Sotho, Pedi, and Tswana.

Number of Chromosomes: 96

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Soodyall H, Vigilant L, Hill AV, Stoneking M, Jenkins T. "mtDNA control-region sequence variation suggests multiple independent origins of an "Asian-specific" 9-bp deletion in the Sub-Saharan Africans". Am J Hum Genet 58:595-608. (1996) Online citation.

Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Bantu Speakers

Sample UID: SA000549S

Sample Description:This sample consists Sotho/Tswana speakers and is made up of southern Sotho, Pedi, and Tswana.

Number of Chromosomes: 100

Relation to Other Samples: Subset of sample SA000528P

References:
- Soodyall H, Vigilant L, Hill AV, Stoneking M, Jenkins T. "mtDNA control-region sequence variation suggests multiple independent origins of an "Asian-specific" 9-bp deletion in the Sub-Saharan Africans". Am J Hum Genet 58:595-608. (1996) Online citation.

Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Sotho-Tsonga

Sample UID: SA000114G

Sample Description:Sotho-Tsonga

Number of Chromosomes: 44

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Jorde LB, Bamshad MJ, Watkins WS, Zenger R, Fraley AE, Krakowiak PA, Carpenter KD, Soodyall H, Jenkins T, Rogers AR. "Origins and affinities of modern humans: a comparison of mitochondrial and nuclear genetic data.". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 57:523-538. (1995) Online citation.

1Geographic Coordinates represent two opposite corners of a rectangle encompassing the area where the population lives.This data is preliminary and changing.

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© 2009 Kenneth K Kidd, Yale University. All rights reserved. The full Copyright Notification is also available.
Originally prototyped by Michael Osier with the aid of Kei Cheung
Upgrades and maintenance since 2002 by Haseena Rajeevan