ALFRED: allele frequency database

The ALlele FREquency Database
ALFRED is a resource of gene frequency data on human populations
supported by the U. S. National Science Foundation.

ALFRED detailed record information

Population Information

Name	ALFRED UID	Primary Language	Language Family
Wai-Wai	PO000128L	WAIWAI	Carib

Synonyms:
Geographic Location¹: 3N, 61W; 1N, 58W

Sites typed for this population: View List
Population Samples: See Sample Information
External Resources: Ethnologue: Language Description Record Ethnologue: Language Map Record Wai-Wai Indians Record Les ethnies de la Grande Amazonie Record
References: See references
Population Description: The Wai-Wai (Waiwai) are part of the Carib linguistic group. They live in the north central section of the Brazilian Amazon rainforest (near the border of Venezualia and along the banks of the Upper Essequibo River in the far south of Guyana). They have a total population of approximately 770 individuals (Ethnologue, 1995). This group tends to live as hunters (they use poisoned arrows) but they also now farm certain areas using slash and burn techniques. This group is famous for their fine handicrafts. Some of the threats to their current lifestyle are miners, loggers, poachers, drug traffickers, pollution of their waterways, and malaria.
References:
- Meggers BJ. "Application of the Biological Model of Diversification to Cultural Distributions in Tropical Lowland South America". Biotropica 7:141-161. (1975)

- Mentore GP. "Waiwai Women: The Basis of Wealth and Power". Man 22:511-527. (1987)

Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Wai-Wai

Sample UID: SA000858V

Sample Description:This sample consists of Wai-Wai (6 males and 10 females) living near the frontier between Brazil and Guiana.

Number of Chromosomes: 26

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Mingroni-Netto RC, Angeli CB, Auricchio MT, Leal-Mesquita ER, Ribeiro-dos-Santos AK, Ferrari I, Hutz MH, Salzano FM, Hill K, Hurtado AM, Vianna-Morgante AM. "Distribution of CGG repeats and FRAXAC1/DXS548 alleles in South American populations". Am J Med Genet 111:243-252. (2002) Online citation.

Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Wai Wai

Sample UID: SA001000B

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated males and females belonging to the Wai Wai. The Wai Wai is a Amerindian group located in Brazil, South America.

Number of Chromosomes: 46

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Dornelles CL, Battilana J, Fagundes NJ, Freitas LB, Bonatto SL, Salzano FM. "Mitochondrial DNA and Alu insertions in a genetically peculiar population: the Ayoreo Indians of Bolivia and Paraguay.". Am J Hum Biol. 16:479-88. (2004) Online citation.

Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Wai-Wai

Sample UID: SA003261M

Sample Description:This sample consists of Wai-wai individuals.

Note: This sample information is not fully curated. For additional information about the sample, consult the publications under "References". The sample was entered as part of data submission by Eisenberg DA.

Number of Chromosomes: 58

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Eisenberg DA, Kuzawa, CW, Hayes MG "Worldwide allele frequencies of the human apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene: climate, local adaptations and evolutionary history". American Journal of Physical Anthropology 143:100-11. (2010) Online citation.

- de Andrade FM, Coimbra CE Jr, Santos RV, Goicoechea A, Carnese FR, Salzano FM, Hutz MH. "High heterogeneity of apolipoprotein E gene frequencies in South American Indians". Ann Hum Biol. 27:29-34. (2000) Online citation.

Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Wai-Wai

Sample UID: SA000150G

Sample Description:Blood samples of the Wai-Wai Indians were collected in the Mapuera village, located at the east bank of the Mapuera river, State of Para, Brazil (57?55'W-0?'40'S). Although the majority of Indians in Mapuera are from the Wai-Wai tribe members from several other groups also live in this village. Some admixed families where the male is Wai-Wai and the female is from another group were observed.

Number of Chromosomes: 56

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Bevilaqua LR, Mattevi VS, Ewald GM, Salzano FM, Coimbra CE Junior, Santos RV, Hutz MH. "Beta-globin gene cluster haplotype distribution in five Brazilian Indian tribes". Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 98:395-401. (1995) Online citation.

- Bogdawa HM, Hutz MH, Salzano FM, Weimer TA. "Diversity of Two Short Tandem Repeat Loci (CD4 and F13A1) in Three Brazilian Ethnic Groups". Hum. Biol. 72:1045-1053. (2000) Online citation.

- Kvitko K, Nunes JC, Weimer TA, Salzano FM, Hutz MH. "Cytochrome P4501A1 Polymorphisms in South American Indians". Hum. Biol. 72:1039-1043. (2000) Online citation.

- Simon D, Bandinelli E, Roisenberg I. "Von Willebrand factor gene polymorphisms in three Brazilian ethnic groups". Hum. Biol. 72:1055-1063. (2000) Online citation.

Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Wai-Wai

Sample UID: SA003948Y

Sample Description:This sample consists of Wai-Wai individuals from Mapuera village, Brazil.

Number of Chromosomes: 52

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Gaspar PA, Hutz MH, Salzano FM, Hill K, Hurtado AM, Petzl-Erler ML, Tsuneto LT, Weimer TA "Polymorphisms of CYP1a1, CYP2e1, GSTM1, GSTT1, and TP53 genes in Amerindians". Am J Phys Anthropol. 119:249-56. (2002) Online citation.

- Jaja C, Burke W, Thummel K, Edwards K, Veenstra DL. "Cytochrome p450 enzyme polymorphism frequency in indigenous and native american populations: a systematic review". Community Genet 11:141-9. (2008) Online citation.

¹Geographic Coordinates represent two opposite corners of a rectangle encompassing the area where the population lives.This data is preliminary and changing.

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© 2012 Kenneth K Kidd, Yale University. All rights reserved. The full Copyright Notification is also available.
Originally prototyped by Michael Osier with the aid of Kei Cheung
Upgrades and maintenance since 2002 by Haseena Rajeevan