ALFRED
      The ALlele FREquency Database   
A resource of gene frequency data on human populations
supported by the U. S. National Science Foundation.
ALFRED detailed record information

Population Information

NameALFRED UIDPrimary LanguageLanguage Family
DanesPO000007HDANISHINDO-EUROPEAN

Synonyms:
Geographic Location1:  54.7N, 8E; 58N, 13E  

Sites typed for this population: View List
Population Samples: See Sample Information
External Resources: Ethnologue: Language Map Record     flag Record    Encarta: Country Description Record    Ethnologue: Language Description Record    Royal Danish Embassy: History and Culture Record    Ethnologue: Country Description Record    Rosetta Project: Language Overview Record     Danish History Record    
References: See references
Population Description: Denmark includes a large part of the Jutland Peninsula as well as a collection of islands in the Atlantic Ocean, Baltic Sea and North Sea. The various agricultural peoples of this peninsula, such as the of New Stone Age and various Gothic German and Scandinavian groups that immigrated there, coalesced into a centralized kingdom in the 8th century AD during Denmark's "Viking Age." Denmark became a very ethnically homogenous nation of Nordic people, 95% of whom are ethnic Danes. The Danish language is closely related to Swedish and Norwegian and is part of the North Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family.
References:
- Forlag GR, Prakash G. "The Danes are like that: perspectives of an Indian anthropologist on Danish society.". Grevas Forlag. M?rke (Denmark) (1993)

- Liep J. "From history of culture to culture and history: the transformation of Danish anthropology". Anthropologie et Societes 11:35-55. (1987)

- Ostergard U. "Peasants and Danes: the Danish national identity and political culture". Comparative Studies in Society and History 34:3-27. (1992)

- Thurston TL. "Historians, prehistorians, and the tyranny of the historical record: Danish state formation through documents and archaeological data". Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 4:239-63. (1997)



Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Danish

Sample UID: SA002007J

Sample Description:This sample consists of women and men recruited randomly from the Danish Central Population Register. More than 99% were Whites of Danish descent.

Number of Chromosomes: 20270

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Sethi AA, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Jensen GB, Nordestgaard BG "164Ile allele in the beta2-Adrenergic receptor gene is associated with risk of elevated blood pressure in women. The Copenhagen City Heart Study". Pharmacogenet Genomics. 15:633-45. (2005) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Danes

Sample UID: SA000007H

Sample Description:Collected by J. Parnas from a random sample of Danish-surname donors to the Copenhagen Blood Bank.

Number of Chromosomes: 102

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Castiglione CM, Deinard AS, Speed WC, Sirugo G, Rosenbaum HC, Zhang Y, Grandy DK, Grigorenko EL, Bonne-Tamir B, Pakstis AJ, Kidd JR, Kidd KK. "Evolution of haplotypes at the DRD2 locus". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 57:1445-56. (1995) Online citation.

- Chang FM, Kidd JR, Livak KJ, Pakstis AJ, Kidd KK. "The world-wide distribution of allele frequencies at the human dopamine D4 receptor locus". Hum. Genet. 98:91-101. (1996) Online citation.

- Chang FM, Kidd KK "Rapid molecular haplotyping of the first exon of the human dopamine D4 receptor gene by hetroduplex analysis". American Journal of Medical Genetics (Neuropsychiatric Genetics) 74:91-4. (1997) Online citation.

- Kang AM, Palmatier MA, Kidd KK. "Global variation of a 40-bp VNTR in the 3'-untranslated region of the dopamine transporter gene (SLC6A3)". Biological Psychiatry 46:151-60. (1999) Online citation.

- Kidd KK et al. http://info.med.yale.edu/genetics/kkidd/abiinfo.html

- Kidd KK, Morar B, Castiglione CM, Zhao H, Pakstis AJ, Speed WC, Bonne-Tamir B, Lu RB, Goldman D, Lee C, Nam YS, Grandy DK, Jenkins T, Kidd JR. "A global survey of haplotype frequencies and linkage disequilibrium at the DRD2 locus". Hum. Genet. 103:211-27. (1998) Online citation.

- Palmatier MA, Kang AM, Kidd KK. "Global variation in the frequencies of functionally different catechol-O-methyltransferase alleles". Biol. Psychiatry. 46:557-67. (1999) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Danes

Sample UID: SA002061J

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated Danes collected by J. Parnas from a random sample of Danish-surname donors to the Copenhagen Blood Bank. It also consists of unrelated Danes from large pedigrees.

This sample is a combination of sample SA000007H and SA000046K.

Number of Chromosomes: 192

Relation to Other Samples: Combination of SA000007H and SA000046K

References:
- Kenneth K. Kidd et al. "Data unpublished".


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Danish

Sample UID: SA001987Z

Sample Description:This sample consists of individuals participating in the Copenhagen City Heart Study. The Copenhagen City Heart Study is a prospective cardiovascular population study recruiting women and men randomly from the Danish Central Population Register to obtain a representative sample of the adult Danish general population.

Number of Chromosomes: 18368

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Sethi AA, Nordestgaard BG, Gronholdt ML, Steffensen R, Jensen G, Tybjaerg-Hansen A. "Angiotensinogen single nucleotide polymorphisms, elevated blood pressure, and risk of cardiovascular disease". Hypertension. 41:1202-1211. (2003) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Danish

Sample UID: SA002722N

Sample Description:This sample comes from the Copenhagen City Heart Study, which is a series of studies conducted in the Danish general population. All participants gave written consent and the ethics committee for Copenhagen and Frederiksberg approved the study. Eligibility criterion for participation was Danish citizenship.

Number of Chromosomes: 18160

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Tolstrup JS, Nordestgaard BG, Rasmussen S, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Grønbaek M "Alcoholism and alcohol drinking habits predicted from alcohol dehydrogenase genes". Pharmacogenomics J. 8:220-7. (2008) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Danes

Sample UID: SA001807Q

Sample Description:Danish (unrelated individuals from large pedigrees).

This sample is a subset of SA000046K.

Number of Chromosomes: 48

Relation to Other Samples: Subset of SA000046K

References:
- Verdu P, Barreiro LB, Patin E, Gessain A, Cassar O, Kidd JR, Kidd KK, Behar DM, Froment A, Heyer E, Sica L, Casanova J-L, Abel L, Quintana-Murci L. "Evolutionary Insights into the High Worldwide Prevalence of MBL2 Deficiency Alleles". Hum Mol Genet. 15:2650-2658. (2006) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Danish

Sample UID: SA002486U

Sample Description:This sample consists of Danish individuals.

Number of Chromosomes: 48

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Stephens JC, Reich DE, Goldstein DB, Shin HD, Smith MW et.al. "Dating the origin of the CCR5-Delta32 AIDS-resistance allele by the coalescence of haplotypes". Am J Hum Genet. 62:1507-15. (1998) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Danes, unrelated

Sample UID: SA000046K

Sample Description:Unrelated Danish (unrelated individuals from large pedigrees).

Number of Chromosomes: 90

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Matthysse S, Holzman PS, Gusella JF, Levy DL, Harte CB, Jorgensen A, Moller L, Parnas J. "Linkage of eye movement dysfunction to chromosome 6p in schizophrenia: additional evidence". Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 128:30-36. (2004) Online citation.

- Sirugo G, Matthysse S, Parnas J, Levy DL, Greschel T, Pakstis AJ, McInnis M, Ross CA, Holzman PS, Kidd KK. "Detection of a large CTG/CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in a Danish schizophrenia kindred". American Journal of Medical Genetics (Neuropsychiatric Genetics) 74:546-8. (1997)

- Tishkoff SA, Goldman A, Calafell F, Speed WC, Deinard AS, Bonne-Tamir B, Kidd JR, Pakstis AJ, Jenkins T, Kidd KK. "A global haplotype analysis of the myotonic dystrophy locus: implications for the evolution of modern humans and for the origin of myotonic dystrophy mutations". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 62:1389-402. (1998) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Danes

Sample UID: SA001862R

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated individuals from Copenhagen, Denmark.

Number of Chromosomes: 200

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Libert F, Cochaux P, Beckman G, Samson M, Aksenova M, Cao A, Czeizel A, Claustres M, de la Rua C, Ferrari M, Ferrec C, Glover G, Grinde B, Guran S, Kucinskas V, Lavinha J, Mercier B, Ogur G, Peltonen L, Rosatelli C, Schwartz M, Spitsyn V, Timar L, Beckman L, Parmentier M, Vassart G "The deltaccr5 mutation conferring protection against HIV-1 in Caucasian populations has a single and recent origin in Northeastern Europe". Hum Mol Genet. 7:399-406.. (1998) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Denmark

Sample UID: SA002452N

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated individuals from Denmark.

Number of Chromosomes: 478

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Lucotte G, Mercier G. "Distribution of the CCR5 gene 32-bp deletion in Europe". J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 19:174-7. (1998) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Danish

Sample UID: SA001998B

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated individuals of Danish ancestry from Danish paternity cases.

Number of Chromosomes: 312

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Sanchez JJ, Phillips C, Borsting C, Balogh K, Bogus M, Fondevila M, Harrison CD, Musgrave-Brown E, Salas A, Syndercombe-Court D, Schneider PM, Carracedo A, Morling N. "A multiplex assay with 52 single nucleotide polymorphisms for human identification". Electrophoresis. 27:1713-1724. (2006) Online citation.


1Geographic Coordinates represent two opposite corners of a rectangle encompassing the area where the population lives.This data is preliminary and changing.

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© 2009 Kenneth K Kidd, Yale University. All rights reserved. The full Copyright Notification is also available.
Originally prototyped by Michael Osier with the aid of Kei Cheung
Upgrades and maintenance since 2002 by Haseena Rajeevan