After the Second World War ended, while North Korea was installing their communist government, South Korea was developing a republic. The Korean War took place from 1950 to 1953. United Nations forces assisted South Korea against North Korean attacks, which were supported by China. In 1953, a treaty was signed splitting the peninsula at the 38th parallel. Around 4 million immigrants crossed the border to South Korea after the establishment of North Korea. Since the 1960s, there has been a substantial movement to a more urbanized environment from a traditionally rural lifestyle.
References:
- Gibbons B. "The South Koreans". National Geographic Magazine 174:232-57. (1988)

Sample Name: Korean

Sample UID: SA002036L

Sample Description:This sample consists of Korean individuals.

Number of Chromosomes: 48

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Nakajima T, Wooding S, Sakagami T, Emi M, Tokunaga K, Tamiya G, Ishigami T, Umemura S, Munkhbat B, Jin F, Guan-Jun J, Hayasaka I, Ishida T, Saitou N, Pavelka K, Lalouel JM, Jorde LB, Inoue I. "Natural selection and population history in the human angiotensinogen gene (AGT): 736 complete AGT sequences in chromosomes from around the world". Am J Hum Genet 74:898-916. (2004) Online citation.

Sample Name: Koreans

Sample UID: SA003027M

Sample Description:This sample consists of Korean individuals from Seoul, South Korea. This sample is the subset of SA000936S.

Number of Chromosomes: 106

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Kenneth K. Kidd et al. "Data unpublished".

Sample Name: Koreans

Sample UID: SA002210F

Sample Description:This sample consists of healthy Koreans.

Number of Chromosomes: 678

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Oh MD, Kim SS, Kim EY, Lee S, Kim N, Park KY, Kim U, Kim T, Kim T, Choe K, Lee JS "The frequency of mutation in CCR5 gene among Koreans". Int J STD AIDS. 11:266-7. (2000) Online citation.

Sample Name: Korean

Sample UID: SA000880Q

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated Koreans. Samples were obtained from the Red Cross National Blood Center.

Number of Chromosomes: 204

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Lee DH, Han JS, Lee WG, Lee SW, Rho HM. "Quadruplex amplification of polymorphic STR loci in a Korean population". Int J Legal Med 111:320-322. (1998) Online citation.

Sample Name: Korean

Sample UID: SA001601I

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated, randomly selected individuals living in the central region of Korea.

Number of Chromosomes: 2412

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Cho NS, Kang GH, Lee SY, Park IH, Seo JS. "Population database on nine STR loci of the AmpFlSTR Profiler kit in Koreans". Leg Med (Tokyo). 8:55-57. (2006) Online citation.

Sample Name: Koreans

Sample UID: SA003010E

Sample Description:This sample consists of Koreans from Busan, South Korea. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant. The study was approved by the Human Ethics Committee of each institute.

Number of Chromosomes: 384

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Ueki M, Takeshita H, Fujihara J, Iida R, Yuasa I, Kato H, Panduro A, Nakajima T, Kominato Y, Yasuda T. "Caucasian-specific allele in non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms of the gene encoding deoxyribonuclease I-like 3, potentially relevant to autoimmunity, produces an inactive enzyme". Clin Chim Acta. 407:20-4. (2009) Online citation.

Sample Name: Korean

Sample UID: SA001075N

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated individuals living in Korea typed as part of a study evaluating the forensic capacity of the AmpF/STR Identifiler kit on the Korean population.

Number of Chromosomes: 462

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Kim YL, Hwang JY, Kim YJ, Lee S, Chung NG, Goh HG, Kim CC, Kim DW. "Allele frequencies of 15 STR loci using AmpF/STR Identifiler kit in a Korean population". Forensic Sci Int. 136:92-95. (2003) Online citation.

Sample Name: Korean

Sample UID: SA001258Q

Sample Description:This sample consists of Koreans living in the United States. Samples provided by hte California Department of Justice, Orange County Sheriff's-Coroner Laboratory, and the Oregon State Police.

Number of Chromosomes: 250

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Budowle B, Shea B, Niezgoda S, Chakraborty R. "CODIS STR loci data from 41 sample populations". J Forensic Sci. 46:453-489. (2001) Online citation.

Sample Name: Korean

Sample UID: SA000818R

Sample Description:This sample consists of healthy Korean men and women with a mean age of 37 years. Individuals were recruited from the workers at the Samsung Medical Center in Seoul, Korea. Informed written consent was obtained for all participants.

Number of Chromosomes: 90

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Woo JM, Yoon KS, Yu BH. "Catechol O-methyltransferase genetic polymorphism in panic disorder ". Am J Psychiatry. 159:1785-7. . (2002) Online citation.

Sample Name: Chungcheon-do

Sample UID: SA001438Q

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated donors living in Chungcheon-do, South Korea.

Number of Chromosomes: 874

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Cho NS, Hwang JH, Lee YA, Park IH. "Population genetics of nine STR loci: TH01, TPOX, CSF1PO, vWA, FESFPS, F13A01, D13S317, D7S820 and D16S539 in a Korean population". Forensic Sci Int. 137:37-99. (2003) Online citation.

Sample Name: Korean

Sample UID: SA001669W

Sample Description:This sample consists of healthy unrelated Korean volunteers living in the Yan Bian area, a northeastern part of China.

Number of Chromosomes: 218

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Zhang Y, Xu Q, Cui H, Cui Y, Kim K, Lee J. "Allele frequencies for nine STR loci in a Korean ethnic group from northeast China". Forensic Sci Int. 155:216-218. (2005) Online citation.

Sample Name: Korean

Sample UID: SA001602J

Sample Description:This sample consists of undividuals living in Taegu, South Korea.

Number of Chromosomes: 198

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Yoshiura KI et al. "A SNP in the ABCC11 gene is the determinant of human earwax type.". Nat Genet. 38:324-330. (2006) Online citation.

Sample Name: Koreans

Sample UID: SA002505M

Sample Description:This sample consists of non-alcoholic control group of Koreans. The subjects were unrelated ,healthy male employees of Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital. Most of the participants were nondrinkers. Only some were occasional light drinkers as revealed by a drinking habit questionnaire.

Number of Chromosomes: 966

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Kim D-J, Choi I-G, Park BL, Lee B-C, Ham B-J, Yoon S, Bae JS, Cheong HS, Shin HD. "Major Genetic Components Underlying Alcoholism in Korean Population.". HMG (advanced online access) (2007)

Sample Name: Korean

Sample UID: SA000916Q

Sample Description:This sample consists of Koreans from Seoul, South Korea.

Number of Chromosomes: 40

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Rolf B, Horst B, Eigel A, Sagansermsri T, Brinkmann B, Horst J. "Microsatellite profiles reveal an unexpected genetic relationship between Asian populations". Hum Genet 102:647-652. (1998) Online citation.

Sample Name: Korean

Sample UID: SA000936S

Sample Description:This sample was collected in Seoul, South Korea by J.J. Kim and consists of unrelated individuals.

Number of Chromosomes: 132

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Kenneth K. Kidd et al. "Data unpublished".

Sample Name: Korean

Sample UID: SA001039N

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated volunteer donors living in South Korea.

Number of Chromosomes: 1020

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Han MS, Kang PW, Choi DH, Lee YH, Choi SK, Kim W. "Genetic variation at eight STR loci in the Korean population". Forensic Sci Int. 116:35-36. (2001) Online citation.

- Han MS, Kang PW, Choi DH, Lee YH, Choi SK, Yoon SR, Shin DJ, Kim JM, Jin HJ, Kwak KD, Kim W. "Korean population genetic data for eleven STR loci". Forensic Sci Int. 123:230-231. (2001) Online citation.

Sample Name: Korean

Sample UID: SA002118M

Sample Description:This sample consists of male Koreans from the village of over 3000 residents, of whom 95% are Korean, in northern China.

Number of Chromosomes: 100

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Shen YC, Fan JH, Edenberg HJ, Li TK, Cui YH, Wang YF, Tian CH, Zhou CF, Zhou RL, Wang J, Zhao ZL, Xia GY "Polymorphism of ADH and ALDH genes among four ethnic groups in China and effects upon the risk for alcoholism". Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 21:1272-7. (1997) Online citation.

Sample Name: Korean

Sample UID: SA002756U

Sample Description:This sample consists of Korean individuals from Jilin Province, China.

Number of Chromosomes: 78

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Li H & Kidd KK "Low allele frequency of ADH1B*47His in West China and different ADH1B haplotypes in Western Asia from Eastern Asia". Am. J. Med. Genet. 84:92-94. (2009)

Sample Name: Korean

Sample UID: SA002885X

Sample Description:This sample consists of male Korean individuals from Jilin Province, China. The protocol of this study was approved by the institutional review board of Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Number of Chromosomes: 102

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Shi H, Tan SJ, Zhong H, Hu W, Levine A, Xiao CJ, Peng Y, Qi XB, Shou WH, Ma RL, Li Y, Su B, Lu X "Winter temperature and UV are tightly linked to genetic changes in the p53 tumor suppressor pathway in Eastern Asia". Am J Hum Genet. 84:534-41.. (2009) Online citation.

Sample Name: Korean

Sample UID: SA000627P

Sample Description:This sample was collected from unrelated individuals from the general population of Korea

Number of Chromosomes: 26

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Antunez-de-Mayolo G, Antunez-de-Mayolo A, Antunez-de-Mayolo P, Papiha SS, Hammer M, Yunis JJ, Yunis EJ, Damodaran C, de Pancorbo MM, Caeiro JL, Puzyrev VP, Herrera RJ. "Phylogenetics of worldwide human populations as determined by polymorphic Alu insertions". Electrophoresis 23:3346-3356. (2002) Online citation.

Sample Name: Seoul

Sample UID: SA001373O

Sample Description:This sample consists of South Koreans from the city of Seoul.

Number of Chromosomes: 316

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Liu YH, Koda Y, Soejima M, Pang H, Wang BJ, Kim DS, Oh HB, Kimura H. "The fusion gene at the ABO-secretor locus (FUT2): absence in Chinese populations". J Hum Genet. 44:181-184. (1999) Online citation.

Sample Name: Koreans

Sample UID: SA001822N

Sample Description:This sample consists of healthy Korean women aged 37-73 years who underwent routine health check-ups at MizMedi Hoapital, Seoul, Korea.

Number of Chromosomes: 506

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Rhee EJ, Oh KW, Lee WY, Kim SY, Oh ES, Baek KH, Kang MI, Kim SW. "Effects of two common polymorphisms of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma gene on metabolic syndrome". Arch Med Res. 37:86-94. (2006) Online citation.

Sample Name: Korean

Sample UID: SA002016J

Sample Description:This sample consists of healthy unrelated Korean individuals from northeast China. Each individual was the offspring of a non-sanguineous marriage of members of the same nationality within three generations.

Number of Chromosomes: 62

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Ma L, Xue Y, Liu Y, Wang Z, Cui X, Li P, Fu S. "Polymorphism study of seven SNPs at ADH genes in 15 Chinese populations". Hereditas. 142:103-111. (2005) Online citation.

Sample Name: Korean

Sample UID: SA001824P

Sample Description:This sample consists of normal randomly selected Korean individuals visiting the hospital for regular health screening ( a free biannual government funded service provided to all adult Koreans).

Number of Chromosomes: 254

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Ham BJ, Lee MS, Lee HJ, Kang RH, Han CS, Choi MJ, Lee SH, Ryu SH. "No association between the tryptophan hydroxylase gene polymorphism and major depressive disorders and antidepressant response in a Korean population". Psychiatr Genet. 15:299-301. (2005) Online citation.

Sample Name: Korean

Sample UID: SA002320H

Sample Description:This sample consists of Koreans from Jilin Province, China.

Number of Chromosomes: 56

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Su B, Jin L, Hu F, Xiao J, Luo J, Lu D, Zhang W, Chu J, Du R, Geng Z, Qiu X, Xue J, Tan J, O'Brien SJ, Chakraborty R "Distribution of two HIV-1-resistant polymorphisms (SDF1-3'A and CCR2-64I) in East Asian and world populations and its implication in AIDS epidemiology". Am J Hum Genet. 65:1047-53. (1999) Online citation.

- Su B, Sun G, Lu D, Xiao J, Hu F, Chakraborty R, Deka R, Jin L "Distribution of three HIV-1 resistance-conferring polymorphisms (SDF1-3'A, CCR2-641, and CCR5-delta32) in global populations". Eur J Hum Genet. 8:975-9. (2000) Online citation.

Sample Name: Korea

Sample UID: SA002783U

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated, healthy volunteers from Seoul, Korea.

Number of Chromosomes: 176

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Kitano T, Yuasa I, Yamazaki K, Nakayashiki N, Miyoshi A, Park KS, Umetsu K "Allele frequencies of a SNP and a 27-bp deletion that are the determinant of earwax type in the ABCC11 gene". Leg Med (Tokyo). 10:113-4. (2008) Online citation.

Sample Name: Koreans, Unrelated

Sample UID: SA000030D

Sample Description:A sample of unrelated individuals from Korea collected by Dr. Yong Suk Nam and Dr.Lee C.

Number of Chromosomes: 254

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Kidd KK, Morar B, Castiglione CM, Zhao H, Pakstis AJ, Speed WC, Bonne-Tamir B, Lu RB, Goldman D, Lee C, Nam YS, Grandy DK, Jenkins T, Kidd JR. "A global survey of haplotype frequencies and linkage disequilibrium at the DRD2 locus". Hum. Genet. 103:211-27. (1998) Online citation.

- Tishkoff SA, Goldman A, Calafell F, Speed WC, Deinard AS, Bonne-Tamir B, Kidd JR, Pakstis AJ, Jenkins T, Kidd KK. "A global haplotype analysis of the myotonic dystrophy locus: implications for the evolution of modern humans and for the origin of myotonic dystrophy mutations". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 62:1389-402. (1998) Online citation.

Sample Name: Korean

Sample UID: SA003008L

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated volunteers, all of whom were hospital patients or outpatients for health screening from South-west parts of Korea. Written informed consent was obtained and the study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Chonbuk natioinal University Hospital.

Number of Chromosomes: 1976

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Shin BS "Paraoxonase gene polymorphism in south-western Korean population". J Korean Med Sci. 24:561-6. (2009) Online citation.

Sample Name: Koreans

Sample UID: SA002092N

Sample Description:This sample consists of Korean individuals.

Number of Chromosomes: 200

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Kim MS, Lee DH, Kang HS, Park HS, Jung S, Lee JW, Kwon KS, Kim PS, Kim HG, Shin YW, Kim YS, Baek I, Lee MS "Genetic polymorphisms of alcohol-metabolizing enzymes and cytokines in patients with alcohol induced pancreatitis and alcoholic liver cirrhosis". Korean J Gastroenterol. 43:355-63. (2004) Online citation.

Sample Name: Korean

Sample UID: SA000797X

Sample Description:This sample consists of individuals recruited from Seoul province, Korea. Individuals were randomly selected via health screenings and had a mean age of approximately 55.5 years.

Number of Chromosomes: 280

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Hong SH, Song J, Kim JQ. "Genetic variation of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and cystathionine beta-synthase genes in Korean patients with coronary artery disease and a new polymorphism in intron 7". Mol Cell Probes. 15:119-23.. (2001) Online citation.

Sample Name: Korean

Sample UID: SA001308M

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated healthy volunteer donors born in Korea.

Number of Chromosomes: 598

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Shin CH, Lee JB, Lee YS. "Allele frequencies and genetic data of 16 highly polymorphic loci in Koreans". Forensic Sci Int. 141:189. (2004) Online citation.

Sample Name: Korean

Sample UID: SA002109M

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated male and female Koreans from South Korea.

Number of Chromosomes: 354

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Goedde HW, Agarwal DP, Fritze G, Meier-Tackmann D, Singh S, Beckmann G, Bhatia K, Chen LZ, Fang B, Lisker R "Distribution of ADH2 and ALDH2 genotypes in different populations". Hum Genet. 88:344-6. (1992) Online citation.

Sample Name: Korean

Sample UID: SA002503K

Sample Description:This sample consists of Koreans.

Number of Chromosomes: 100

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Stephens JC, Reich DE, Goldstein DB, Shin HD, Smith MW et.al. "Dating the origin of the CCR5-Delta32 AIDS-resistance allele by the coalescence of haplotypes". Am J Hum Genet. 62:1507-15. (1998) Online citation.

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© 2009 Kenneth K Kidd, Yale University. All rights reserved. The full Copyright Notification is also available.
Originally prototyped by Michael Osier with the aid of Kei Cheung
Upgrades and maintenance since 2002 by Haseena Rajeevan