Sample Name: Brahmin

Sample UID: SA001135K

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated Brahmins from eastern India. Brahmins represent an Indo-Caucasoid general caste in the region.

Number of Chromosomes: 210

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Dutta R, Kashyap VK. "Allele frequency of six STR loci among three predominant population groups of eastern India". Forensic Sci Int. 119:129-130. (2001) Online citation.

Sample Name: Iyengar Brahmin

Sample UID: SA001154L

Sample Description:This sample consists of individuals belonging to the Iyengar Brahmin Indian caste. This group practices high endogamy.

Number of Chromosomes: 130

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Rajkumar R, Kashyap VK. "Distribution of alleles of 15 STR loci of the Powerplex 16 Multiplex system in four predominant population groups of South India". Forensic Sci Int. 126:173-177. (2002) Online citation.

Sample Name: Brahmin

Sample UID: SA002312I

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated Brahmin individuals, a caste from East India. Ethnicity was confirmed by the participants and the individuals were unrelated at least to the second cousin level.

Number of Chromosomes: 46

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Majumder PP, Dey B "Absence of the HIV-1 protective Delta ccr5 allele in most ethnic populations of India". Eur J Hum Genet. 9:794-6. (2001) Online citation.

Sample Name: Desasth Brahmin

Sample UID: SA001168Q

Sample Description:This sample consists of Desasth (Rigvedi) brahmin from Maharashtra, India.

Number of Chromosomes: 214

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Gaikwad S, Kashyap VK. "Polymorphism at fifteen hypervariable microsatellite loci in four populations of Maharashtra, India". Forensic Sci Int. 126:267-271. (2002) Online citation.

Sample Name: Brahmin

Sample UID: SA001678W

Sample Description:This sample consists of Brahmins (upper caste) sampled from Vishakapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Number of Chromosomes: 22

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Shriver MD, Mei R, Parra EJ, Sonpar V, Halder I, Tishkoff SA, Schurr TG, Zhadanov SI, Osipova LP, Brutsaert TD, Friedlaender J, Jorde LB, Watkins WS, Bamshad MJ, Gutierrez G, Loi H, Matsuzaki H, Kittles RA, Argyropoulos G, Fernandez JR, Akey JM, Jones KW. "Large-scale SNP analysis reveals clustered and continuous patterns of human genetic variation". Hum Genomics. 2:81-89. (2005) Online citation.

Sample Name: Iyer

Sample UID: SA002282O

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated Iyer individuals, a caste from South India. Ethnicity was confirmed by the participants and the individuals were unrelated at least to the second cousin level.

Number of Chromosomes: 100

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Majumder PP, Dey B "Absence of the HIV-1 protective Delta ccr5 allele in most ethnic populations of India". Eur J Hum Genet. 9:794-6. (2001) Online citation.

Sample Name: Iyengar

Sample UID: SA002283P

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated Iyengar individuals, a caste from South India. Ethnicity was confirmed by the participants and the individuals were unrelated at least to the second cousin level.

Number of Chromosomes: 102

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Majumder PP, Dey B "Absence of the HIV-1 protective Delta ccr5 allele in most ethnic populations of India". Eur J Hum Genet. 9:794-6. (2001) Online citation.

Sample Name: Brahmin

Sample UID: SA001552N

Sample Description:This sample consists of Brahmins living in Andhra Pradesh, India. Brahmins are an upper caste population that speak Telugu, a Dravidian language.

Number of Chromosomes: 56

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Reddy BM, Naidu VM, Madhavi VK, Thangaraj K, Langstieh BT, Venkataramana P, Kumar V, Singh L. "STR data for the Amp FlSTR Profiler Plus loci among 27 populations of different social hierarchy from southern part of Andhra Pradesh, India". Forensic Sci Int. 149:81-97. (2005) Online citation.

- Reddy BM, Reddy ANS, Nagaraja T, Bhaskar LVKS, Thangaraj K, Reddy AG, Singh L "Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of the Alcohol Dehydrogenase Genes among the 28 Caste and Tribal Populations of India.". Int J Hum Genet 6:309-316. (2006)

Sample Name: Iyer

Sample UID: SA000741M

Sample Description:The Iyer represent a Upper Caste in Southern India. They have a Dravidian Linguistic Affiliation. This sample was drawn with informed consent from individuals. The individuals were unrelated to the first cousin level.

Number of Chromosomes: 100

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Basu A, Mukherjee N, Roy S, Sengupta S, Banerjee S, Chakraborty M, Dey B, Roy M, Roy B, Bhattacharyya NP, Roychoudhury S, Majumder PP "Ethnic India: A Genomic View, with Special Reference to Peopling and Structure". Genome Res 13:2277-2290. (2003) Online citation.

Sample Name: Oriya Brahmin

Sample UID: SA001323J

Sample Description:This sample consists of Oriya Brahmins from the state of Orissa, India. The Oriya Brahmins form part of the upper crust fo the Hindu caste system. They speak the dialect "Oriya" and practice a very high degree of endogamy.

Number of Chromosomes: 114

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Sahoo S, Kashyap VK. "Influence of language and ancestry on genetic structure of contiguous populations: a microsatellite based study on populations of Orissa". BMC Genet. 6:4-13. (2005) Online citation.

- Sahoo S, Kashyap VK. "Allele frequency data for powerplex 16 loci in four major populations of Orissa, India". J Forensic Sci. 47:912-915. (2002) Online citation.

Sample Name: Peruru Brahmins

Sample UID: SA002426O

Sample Description:This sample consists of Peruru Brahmins from Vishakapatnam, Andra Pradesh, India.

Number of Chromosomes: 90

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Ramana GV, Vasanthi A, Khaja M, Su B, Govindaiah V, Jin L, Singh L, Chakraborty R "Distribution of HIV-1 resistance-conferring polymorphic alleles SDF-1-3'A, CCR2-64I and CCR5-Delta32 in diverse populations of Andhra Pradesh, South India". J Genet. 80:137-40. (2001) Online citation.

Sample Name: Brahmin

Sample UID: SA000267P

Sample Description:Brahmin sampled from the Mandla district of Madhya Pradesh

Number of Chromosomes: 124

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Mastana SS, Reddy PH, Das MK, Reddy P, Das K. "Molecular Genetic Diversity in 5 Populations of Madhya Pradesh, India". Hum. Biol. 72:499-510. (2000) Online citation.

Sample Name: Brahmin

Sample UID: SA000566R

Sample Description:This sample was collected from individuals living in Andhra Pradesh who belong to the Brahmin caste . Andhra Pradesh is located on the eastern coast of South India. The Brahmin caste is part of the upper Hindu caste hierarchy. All memebers of this sample speake Telegu, a Dravidian language.

Number of Chromosomes: 120

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Bamshad MJ, Watkins WS, Dixon ME, Jorde LB, Rao BB, Naidu JM, Prasad BVR, Rasanayagam A, Hammer MF. "Female gene flow stratifies Hindu castes". Nature 395:651-652. (1998) Online citation.

- Watkins WS, Bamshad M, Dixon ME, Bhaskara Rao B, Naidu JM, Reddy PG, Prasad BVR, Das PK, Reddy PC, Gai PB, Bhanu A, Kusuma YS, Lum JK, Fischer P, Jorde LB. "Multiple origins of the mtDNA 9-bp deletion in populations of South India". Am J Phys Anthropol 109:147-158. (1999) Online citation.

Sample Name: Brahmin-Uttar Pradesh

Sample UID: SA000580N

Sample Description:This sample was collected from unrelated individuals in Garhwal of the Uttar Pradesh in northern India. The Brahmin belong to the Hindu Upper caste. They speak an Indo-European language. This caste has traditionally been made up of priests but has now encompassed various occupations.

Number of Chromosomes: 54

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Basu A, Mukherjee N, Roy S, Sengupta S, Banerjee S, Chakraborty M, Dey B, Roy M, Roy B, Bhattacharyya NP, Roychoudhury S, Majumder PP "Ethnic India: A Genomic View, with Special Reference to Peopling and Structure". Genome Res 13:2277-2290. (2003) Online citation.

- Majumder PP, Roy B, Banerjee S, Chakraborty M, Dey B, Mukherjee N, Roy M, Thakurta PG, Sil SK. "Human-specific insertion/deletion polymorphisms in Indian populations and their possible evolutionary implications ". Eur J Hum Genet 7:435-46. (1999) Online citation.

Sample Name: Vizag Brahmins

Sample UID: SA002425N

Sample Description:This sample consists of Vizag Brahmins from Visakhapatnam, Andra Pradesh, India.

Number of Chromosomes: 118

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Ramana GV, Vasanthi A, Khaja M, Su B, Govindaiah V, Jin L, Singh L, Chakraborty R "Distribution of HIV-1 resistance-conferring polymorphic alleles SDF-1-3'A, CCR2-64I and CCR5-Delta32 in diverse populations of Andhra Pradesh, South India". J Genet. 80:137-40. (2001) Online citation.

Sample Name: Brahmin-West Bengal

Sample UID: SA000581O

Sample Description:This sample was collected from unrelated individuals in various locations in West Bengal (northeastern India). The Brahmin belong to the Hindu Upper caste. They speak an Indo-European language. This caste has traditionally been made up of priests but has now encompassed various occupations.

Number of Chromosomes: 46

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Basu A, Mukherjee N, Roy S, Sengupta S, Banerjee S, Chakraborty M, Dey B, Roy M, Roy B, Bhattacharyya NP, Roychoudhury S, Majumder PP "Ethnic India: A Genomic View, with Special Reference to Peopling and Structure". Genome Res 13:2277-2290. (2003) Online citation.

- Majumder PP, Roy B, Banerjee S, Chakraborty M, Dey B, Mukherjee N, Roy M, Thakurta PG, Sil SK. "Human-specific insertion/deletion polymorphisms in Indian populations and their possible evolutionary implications ". Eur J Hum Genet 7:435-46. (1999) Online citation.

Sample Name: Konkanastha Brahmins

Sample UID: SA001831N

Sample Description:This samnple consists of healthy Konkanastha Brahmins residing in Mumbai, the capital city fo the state of Maharashtra. Konkanastha Brahmins are predominantly distributed in the Konkan coastal belt of Maharashtra (India). They are a Marathi-speaking people and are a priestly class.

Number of Chromosomes: 156

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Ghosh A, Seshadri M. "Indian ethnic populations characterized by dopamine (D4) receptor VNTR polymorphism". Ann Hum Biol. 32:574-84. (2005) Online citation.

Sample Name: Iyengar

Sample UID: SA000747S

Sample Description:The Iyengar represents a upper caste in South India. They have a Dravidian Linguistic affiliation. This sample was drawn with informed consent from individuals. The individuals were unrelated to the first cousin level.

Number of Chromosomes: 102

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Basu A, Mukherjee N, Roy S, Sengupta S, Banerjee S, Chakraborty M, Dey B, Roy M, Roy B, Bhattacharyya NP, Roychoudhury S, Majumder PP "Ethnic India: A Genomic View, with Special Reference to Peopling and Structure". Genome Res 13:2277-2290. (2003) Online citation.

Sample Name: Brahmin

Sample UID: SA002291O

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated Brahmin individuals from North India. Ethnicity was confirmed by the participants and the individuals were unrelated at least to the second cousin level.

Number of Chromosomes: 54

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Majumder PP, Dey B "Absence of the HIV-1 protective Delta ccr5 allele in most ethnic populations of India". Eur J Hum Genet. 9:794-6. (2001) Online citation.

Sample Name: Brahmin

Sample UID: SA000618P

Sample Description:This sample was collected from unrelated individuals belonging to the Brahmin caste from the city of Bombay, India.

Number of Chromosomes: 104

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Antunez-de-Mayolo G, Antunez-de-Mayolo A, Antunez-de-Mayolo P, Papiha SS, Hammer M, Yunis JJ, Yunis EJ, Damodaran C, de Pancorbo MM, Caeiro JL, Puzyrev VP, Herrera RJ. "Phylogenetics of worldwide human populations as determined by polymorphic Alu insertions". Electrophoresis 23:3346-3356. (2002) Online citation.

Sample Name: Chitpavan Brahmin

Sample UID: SA001169R

Sample Description:This sample consists of Chitpaven brahmin from the coastal region (Konkan) of Maharashtra, India.

Number of Chromosomes: 134

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Gaikwad S, Kashyap VK. "Polymorphism at fifteen hypervariable microsatellite loci in four populations of Maharashtra, India". Forensic Sci Int. 126:267-271. (2002) Online citation.

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© 2009 Kenneth K Kidd, Yale University. All rights reserved. The full Copyright Notification is also available.
Originally prototyped by Michael Osier with the aid of Kei Cheung
Upgrades and maintenance since 2002 by Haseena Rajeevan