ALFRED: allele frequency database
      The ALlele FREquency Database   
ALFRED is a resource of gene frequency data on human populations
supported by the Yale Center for Medical Informatics.
00ALFRED detailed record information

Population Information

NameALFRED UIDPrimary LanguageLanguage Family
AdygeiPO000017IADYGHENorth Caucasian

Synonyms:
Geographic Location1:  45N, 39E; 44N, 40.5E  

Sites typed for this population: View List
Population Samples: See Sample Information
External Resources: Ethnologue: Language Description Record    Ethnologue: Country Description Record    Ethnologue: Language Map Record    
References: See references
Population Description: The Adygei are an ethnic group of the Russian Caucasus, they speak their own language, and are part of the Northwestern Caucasus language family. Together with the closely related Kabardians and Cherkess, they are sometimes called Circassians. Circassian culture in the region can be traced back to at least the 6th century CE. Small groups lived in villages throughout the western Caucasus and spoke many different dialects until they were conquered by the Russian Empire in the 19th century. Under Soviet rule the Circassian people who remained in Russia were divided into three groups and each was assigned an "autonomous" territory. The Adygei Autonomous Republic, in Russia's Krasnodar region, has a population of 450,000, but only about 120,000 are Adygei, the majority are Russian. In 1995 the total world population of Adygei-speakers was around 300,000, part of a worldwide Circassian diaspora of approximately 1,000,000 individuals.
References:
- Hassan FA. "The origins of Egyptian civilization: a working model ". Annales du Service des Antiquites de l'Egypte 65:135-48. (1983)

- Smith CD. "Imagined identities, imagined nationalism: print culture and Egyptian nationalism in light of recent scholarship". International Journal of Middle East Studies 29:607-22. (1997)

- Wallis EE. "The dynamics of vocalic harmony in Shapsugh Circassian". Word 38:81-90. (1987)

- Washabaugh W. "Egyptian popular culture in wide array". American Anthropologist 99:621-2. (1997)



Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Adygeis

Sample UID: SA000768V

Sample Description:The Adygei is an population from Adyg-Shabsug (Caucasus region). This sample was collected with informed consent. All individuals were unrelated and healthy and belong to the Adygei ethnic group with three generations living in the region.

Number of Chromosomes: 278

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Verbenko DA, Pogoda TV, Spitsyn VA, Mikulich AI, Bets LV, Bebyakova NA, Ivanov VP, Abolmasov NN, Pocheshkhova EA, Balanovskaya EV, Tarskaya LA, Sorensen MV, Limborska SA. "Apolipoprotein B 3'-VNTR polymorphism in Eastern European populations". Eur J Hum Genet. 11:444-51. . (2003) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Adygei

Sample UID: SA000017I

Sample Description:Adygei-speaking people near Krasnodar in the Russian republic of Adygei, which is in the southeastern section of the country (north of the Caucuses mountains). They are culturally and linguistically distinct from neighboring Russians. This sample was collected by E. Grigorenko (Yale University) V. Galkina, and M. Kadoshnikova (Bristol company, Russia).

Number of Chromosomes: 108

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Chang FM, Kidd JR, Livak KJ, Pakstis AJ, Kidd KK. "The world-wide distribution of allele frequencies at the human dopamine D4 receptor locus". Hum. Genet. 98:91-101. (1996) Online citation.

- Kang AM, Palmatier MA, Kidd KK. "Global variation of a 40-bp VNTR in the 3'-untranslated region of the dopamine transporter gene (SLC6A3)". Biological Psychiatry 46:151-60. (1999) Online citation.

- Kidd KK et al. http://info.med.yale.edu/genetics/kkidd/pops.html

- Kidd KK, Morar B, Castiglione CM, Zhao H, Pakstis AJ, Speed WC, Bonne-Tamir B, Lu RB, Goldman D, Lee C, Nam YS, Grandy DK, Jenkins T, Kidd JR. "A global survey of haplotype frequencies and linkage disequilibrium at the DRD2 locus". Hum. Genet. 103:211-27. (1998) Online citation.

- Mateu E, Calafell F, Bonne-Tamir B, Kidd JR, Casals T, Kidd KK, Bertranpetit J. "Allele Frequencies in a Worldwide Survey of a CA Repeat in the First Intron of the CFTR Gene". Human Heredity 49:15-20. (1999) Online citation.

- Palmatier MA, Kang AM, Kidd KK. "Global variation in the frequencies of functionally different catechol-O-methyltransferase alleles". Biol. Psychiatry. 46:557-67. (1999) Online citation.

- Tishkoff SA, Dietzsch E, Speed W, Pakstis AJ, Cheung K, Kidd JR, Bonne-Tamir B, Santachiara-Benerecetti AS, Moral P, Watson E, Krings M, Paabo S, Risch N, Jenkins T, Kidd KK. "Global patterns of linkage disequilibrium at the CD4 locus and modern human origins". Science 271:1380-7. (1996) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Adygei, HGDP-CEPH

Sample UID: SA001509P

Sample Description:This sample is part of the Human Genome Diversity Cell Line Panel collected by the Human Genome Diversity Project (HGDP) and the Foundation Jean Dausset (CEPH).

Adygei-speaking people near Krasnodar in the Russian republic of Adygei, which is in the southeastern section of the country (north of the Caucuses mountains). They are culturally and linguistically distinct from neighboring Russians. This sample was collected by E. Grigorenko (Yale University) V. Galkina, and M. Kadoshnikova (Bristol company, Russia).

Number of Chromosomes: 34

Relation to Other Samples: Subset of SA000017I

References:
- Rosenberg NA, Pritchard JK, Weber JL, Cann HM, Kidd KK, Zhivotovsky LA, Feldman MW. "Genetic structure of human populations". Science 298:2381-2385. (2002) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Adygei

Sample UID: SA003974X

Sample Description:This sample is the subset of the Kidd Lab Adygei sample. Adygei-speaking people near Krasnodar in the Russian republic of Adygei, which is in the southeastern section of the country (north of the Caucuses mountains). They are culturally and linguistically distinct from neighboring Russians. This sample was collected by E. Grigorenko (Yale University) V. Galkina, and M. Kadoshnikova (Bristol company, Russia).

Number of Chromosomes: 50

Relation to Other Samples: Subset of sample SA000017I

References:
- Publication pending


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Adygeis

Sample UID: SA003197U

Sample Description:The sample was collected from Krasdonar region, Russia.

Number of Chromosomes: 196

Relation to Other Samples: Subset of SA000768V

References:
- Flegontova OV, Khrunin AV, Lylova OI, Tarskaia LA, Spitsyn VA, Mikulich AI, Limborska SA. "Haplotype frequencies at the DRD2 locus in populations of the East European Plain". BMC Genet. 10:(2009) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Adygs

Sample UID: SA002271M

Sample Description:This sample consists of Adygs from city of Maikop, and Takhtamukaisk and Koshekhabl'sk raions of the Adygeya republic. This sample was collected during expeditions conducted in 2001 and 2002. Ethnicity of the individuals examined were confirmed by affiliation of their ancestors down to the third generation through questionnaire.

Number of Chromosomes: 326

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Korshunova TYu, Akhmetova VL, Kutuev IA, Khusainova RI, Guseĭnov GG, Khusnutdinova EK. "VNTR-polymorphism of the PAH, e-NOS genes and deletion of the CCR5 gene in populations in the northern Caucasus". Genetika. 40:409-14. (2004) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Adygei

Sample UID: SA003307N

Sample Description:This sample consists of Adygei individuals.

Note: This sample information is not fully curated. For additional information about the sample, consult the publications under "References". The sample was entered as part of data submission by Eisenberg DA.

Number of Chromosomes: 96

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Eisenberg DA, Kuzawa, CW, Hayes MG "Worldwide allele frequencies of the human apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene: climate, local adaptations and evolutionary history". American Journal of Physical Anthropology 143:100-11. (2010) Online citation.

- Gelernter J, Kranzler H, Lacobelle J. "Population studies of polymorphisms at loci of neuropsychiatric interest (tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), dopamine transporter protein (SLC6A3), D3 dopamine receptor (DRD3), apolipoprotein E (APOE), mu opioid receptor (OPRM1), and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF)).". Genomics. 52:289-97. (1998) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Adygei

Sample UID: SA004373R

Sample Description:This sample is part of the KiddLab Sample collection and is subset of sample SA000017I.

Number of Chromosomes: 42

Relation to Other Samples: Subset of SA000017I

References:
- Kenneth K. Kidd et al. "Data unpublished".


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Adygei

Sample UID: SA004696Z

Sample Description:This sample consists of Adygei individuals in Northern Europe. Written informed consent was obtained from all individuals. This sample is part of Caixia Li's group in Institute of Forensic Science, Beijing, China. It was provided by the Kenneth K. Kidd's laboratory to Caixia lab.

Number of Chromosomes: 102

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Jiang L, Wei YL, Zhao L, Li N, Liu T, Liu HB, Ren LJ, Li JL, Hao HF, Li Q, Li CX. "Global analysis of population stratification using a smart panel of 27 continental ancestry-informative SNPs". Forensic Sci Int Genet. 35:e10-e12. (2018) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Adygei

Sample UID: SA004585W

Sample Description:This sample consists of Adygei individuals from the Caucasus. To limit influence of admixture this sample included villagers who reportedly were settled in the sample place for at least three generations (up to grandparents) .This sample is part of the "core" dataset that were genotyped for this study.

Number of Chromosomes: 62

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Triska P, Chekanov N, Stepanov V, Khusnutdinova EK, Kumar GPA, Akhmetova V, Babalyan K, Boulygina E, Kharkov V, Gubina M, Khidiyatova , Khitrinskaya , Khrameeva EE, Khusainova R, Konovalova N, Litvinov S, Marusin A, Mazur AM, Puzyrev V, Ivanoshchuk D, Spiridonova M, Teslyuk A, Tsygankova S, Triska M, Trofimova N, Vajda E, Balanovsky O, Baranova A, Skryabin K, Tatarinova TV, Prokhortchouk E "Between Lake Baikal and the Baltic Sea: genomic history of the gateway to Europe". BMC Genet 18:(2017) Online citation.


1Geographic Coordinates represent two opposite corners of a rectangle encompassing the area where the population lives.This data is preliminary and changing.

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© 2019 Kenneth K Kidd, Yale University. All rights reserved. The full Copyright Notification is also available.
Originally prototyped by Michael Osier with the aid of Kei Cheung
Upgrades and maintenance since 2002 by Haseena Rajeevan