ALFRED: allele frequency database
      The ALlele FREquency Database   
ALFRED is a resource of gene frequency data on human populations
supported by the Yale Center for Medical Informatics.
00ALFRED detailed record information

Population Information

NameALFRED UIDPrimary LanguageLanguage Family
Jews, AshkenaziPO000038LYIDDISH, EASTERNINDO-EUROPEAN

Synonyms:
Geographic Location1:  unlisted, unlisted; unlisted, unlisted  

Sites typed for this population: View List
Population Samples: See Sample Information
External Resources:  Ashkenazi Jews Record    Ethnologue: Language Description Record    Bethany: The Jews of Africa Record     Ashkenazi Jews and Genetic Science Record    
References: See references
Population Description: Ashkenazi Jews are those Jews who are descendants of Jews who lived along the Rhine River in Northern France and Western Germany in the Middle Ages. The word Ashkenazi is actually a Hebrew word that means German. However, Ashkenazi Jews can now be found throughout Europe the most concentrated areas being Poland, Germany, Russia, and Lithuania. The language of the Ashkenazi Jews is Yiddish; they also tend to speak Polish. Ashkenazim can be subdivided into Orthodox, Conservative, Reform, Reconstructionist... The followers of the Ashkenazic faith focus on biblical and Talumic studies.
References:
- Bat-Miriam Katzelson M, Ashbel S. "Dermatoglyphics of Jews. 1, Normal Ashkenazi population ". Zeitschrift fur Morphologie und Anthropologie 65:14-28. (1973)

- Chase GA, McKusick VA "Founder effect in Tay-Sachs disease [in Ashkenazic Jews bibliogr.]". American Journal of Human Genetics 24:339-40. (1972)

- German J, Bloom D, Passarge E, Fried K, Goodman RM, Katzenellenbogen I, Laron Z, Legum C, Levin S, Wahrman J. "Bloom's syndrome 6, The disorder in Israel and an estimation of the gene frequency in the Ashkenazim". American Journal of Human Genetics 29:553-62. (1977)



Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Ashkenazi Jews, Germany

Sample UID: SA000242I

Sample Description:Ashkenazi Jews from Germany living at 51?North. This sample was defined according to the birthplace of the individuals parents or grandparents.

Number of Chromosomes: 80

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Ciminelli BM, Jodice C, Scozzari R, Corbo RM, Nahum M, Pompei F, Santachiara-Benerecetti SA, Santolamazza C, Morpurgo GP, Modiano G. "Latitude-correlated genetic polymorphisms: selection or gene flow?". Hum. Biol. 72:557-571. (2000) Online citation.

- Domenici R, Spinetti I, Bargagna M et al. " Population genetic studies on Jews. I. The [alpha]2HS serum glycoprotein, a polymorphism strongly correlated with latitude". Gene Geography 4:99-111. (1990) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Ashkenazi Jews, Poland

Sample UID: SA000243J

Sample Description:Ashkenazi Jews from Poland living at 52?North. This sample was defined according to the birthplace of the individuals parents or grandparents.

Number of Chromosomes: 566

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Ciminelli BM, Jodice C, Scozzari R, Corbo RM, Nahum M, Pompei F, Santachiara-Benerecetti SA, Santolamazza C, Morpurgo GP, Modiano G. "Latitude-correlated genetic polymorphisms: selection or gene flow?". Hum. Biol. 72:557-571. (2000) Online citation.

- Domenici R, Spinetti I, Bargagna M et al. " Population genetic studies on Jews. I. The [alpha]2HS serum glycoprotein, a polymorphism strongly correlated with latitude". Gene Geography 4:99-111. (1990) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Ashkenazi Jews, Czechoslovakia

Sample UID: SA000245L

Sample Description:Ashkenazi Jews from Czechoslovakia living at 49?North. This sample was defined according to the birthplace of the individuals parents or grandparents.

Number of Chromosomes: 48

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Ciminelli BM, Jodice C, Scozzari R, Corbo RM, Nahum M, Pompei F, Santachiara-Benerecetti SA, Santolamazza C, Morpurgo GP, Modiano G. "Latitude-correlated genetic polymorphisms: selection or gene flow?". Hum. Biol. 72:557-571. (2000) Online citation.

- Domenici R, Spinetti I, Bargagna M et al. " Population genetic studies on Jews. I. The [alpha]2HS serum glycoprotein, a polymorphism strongly correlated with latitude". Gene Geography 4:99-111. (1990) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Ashkenazi Jews, Romania

Sample UID: SA000247N

Sample Description:Ashkenazi Jews from Romania 45?North. This sample was defined according to the birthplace of the individuals parents or grandparents.

Number of Chromosomes: 514

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Ciminelli BM, Jodice C, Scozzari R, Corbo RM, Nahum M, Pompei F, Santachiara-Benerecetti SA, Santolamazza C, Morpurgo GP, Modiano G. "Latitude-correlated genetic polymorphisms: selection or gene flow?". Hum. Biol. 72:557-571. (2000) Online citation.

- Domenici R, Spinetti I, Bargagna M et al. " Population genetic studies on Jews. I. The [alpha]2HS serum glycoprotein, a polymorphism strongly correlated with latitude". Gene Geography 4:99-111. (1990) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Ashkenazi Jews, others

Sample UID: SA000248O

Sample Description:Ashkenazi Jews, others. This sample was defined according to the birthplace of the individuals parents or grandparents.

Number of Chromosomes: 64

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Ciminelli BM, Jodice C, Scozzari R, Corbo RM, Nahum M, Pompei F, Santachiara-Benerecetti SA, Santolamazza C, Morpurgo GP, Modiano G. "Latitude-correlated genetic polymorphisms: selection or gene flow?". Hum. Biol. 72:557-571. (2000) Online citation.

- Domenici R, Spinetti I, Bargagna M et al. " Population genetic studies on Jews. I. The [alpha]2HS serum glycoprotein, a polymorphism strongly correlated with latitude". Gene Geography 4:99-111. (1990) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Asheknazi Jews, Russia

Sample UID: SA000244K

Sample Description:Asheknazi Jews from Russia living at 55?North. This sample was defined according to the birthplace of the individuals parents or grandparents.

Number of Chromosomes: 384

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Ciminelli BM, Jodice C, Scozzari R, Corbo RM, Nahum M, Pompei F, Santachiara-Benerecetti SA, Santolamazza C, Morpurgo GP, Modiano G. "Latitude-correlated genetic polymorphisms: selection or gene flow?". Hum. Biol. 72:557-571. (2000) Online citation.

- Domenici R, Spinetti I, Bargagna M et al. " Population genetic studies on Jews. I. The [alpha]2HS serum glycoprotein, a polymorphism strongly correlated with latitude". Gene Geography 4:99-111. (1990) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Ashkenazi Jews, Hungary

Sample UID: SA000246M

Sample Description:Ashkenazi Jews from Hungary living at 49?North. This sample was defined according to the birthplace of the individuals parents or grandparents.

Number of Chromosomes: 74

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Ciminelli BM, Jodice C, Scozzari R, Corbo RM, Nahum M, Pompei F, Santachiara-Benerecetti SA, Santolamazza C, Morpurgo GP, Modiano G. "Latitude-correlated genetic polymorphisms: selection or gene flow?". Hum. Biol. 72:557-571. (2000) Online citation.

- Domenici R, Spinetti I, Bargagna M et al. " Population genetic studies on Jews. I. The [alpha]2HS serum glycoprotein, a polymorphism strongly correlated with latitude". Gene Geography 4:99-111. (1990) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Ashkenazi Jews, South Africa

Sample UID: SA000038L

Sample Description:Ashkenazi Jews, South Africa Jews began to immigrate to South Africa in the beginning of the 19th century. In 1841, the first Hebrew congregation was established. The Jewish population assisted in the development of South African trade and industry and were among the pioneers of the Transvall region where diamonds and gold were discovered. However the majority of today's Jewish population are descendants of early 20th century immigrants from Lithuania. The South African Jew are overwhelming Ashkenazi. The word Ashkenaz is derived from a biblical word for the larger Germanic region of Europe. Therefore, Ashkenazim Jews are those whose ancestry is linked to that area. This group traditionally speaks the Yiddish language, which is a German dialect that has Hebrew and Slavic elements. There has also been a flow of Jews into South Africa from Isreal. The Jews of South Africa are affluent, well educated, and have a strong traditional and Zionist bent. Most of the Jewish day schools are Orthodox, but several are ultra-Orthodox.

Number of Chromosomes: 102

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Tishkoff SA, Goldman A, Calafell F, Speed WC, Deinard AS, Bonne-Tamir B, Kidd JR, Pakstis AJ, Jenkins T, Kidd KK. "A global haplotype analysis of the myotonic dystrophy locus: implications for the evolution of modern humans and for the origin of myotonic dystrophy mutations". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 62:1389-402. (1998) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Ashkenazi Jews

Sample UID: SA000490N

Sample Description:This sample was provided by the National Laboratory for the Genetics of Israeli Populations. The blood samples were collected in Israel. It contains unrelated Ashkenazi Jews.

Number of Chromosomes: 166

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Kenneth K. Kidd et al. "Data unpublished".


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Ashkenazi Jews

Sample UID: SA001146M

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated Ashkenazi Jews living in Israel.

Number of Chromosomes: 322

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Khatib H. "Allele frequencies of seven short tandem repeat loci in the Ashkenazi Jewish population". Forensic Sci Int. 121:205-206. (2001) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Ashkenazi

Sample UID: SA002033I

Sample Description:This sample consists of Ashkenazi individuals.

Number of Chromosomes: 48

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Nakajima T, Wooding S, Sakagami T, Emi M, Tokunaga K, Tamiya G, Ishigami T, Umemura S, Munkhbat B, Jin F, Guan-Jun J, Hayasaka I, Ishida T, Saitou N, Pavelka K, Lalouel JM, Jorde LB, Inoue I. "Natural selection and population history in the human angiotensinogen gene (AGT): 736 complete AGT sequences in chromosomes from around the world". Am J Hum Genet 74:898-916. (2004) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Ashkenazim

Sample UID: SA001791S

Sample Description:This sample consists of Ashkenazim living in Budapest (Central Hungary).

Number of Chromosomes: 356

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Egyed B, Furedi S, Angyal M, Balogh I, Kalmar L, Padar Z. "Analysis of the population heterogeneity in Hungary using fifteen forensically informative STR markers". Forensic Sci Int. 158:244-249. (2006) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Lithuania

Sample UID: SA001891T

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated Ashkenazi Jewish males living in Paris (France), originating from Lithuania. Ashkenazi Jews included in this studywere classified depending on the birth place of both their parents and (for most of them) their grandparents.

Number of Chromosomes: 58

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Lucotte G, Smets P "CCR5-Delta32 allele frequencies in Ashkenazi Jews". Genet Test. 7:333-7. (2003) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Byelorussia

Sample UID: SA001892U

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated Ashkenazi Jewish males living in Paris (France), originating from Byelorussia. Ashkenazi Jews included in this studywere classified depending on the birth place of both their parents and (for most of them) their grandparents.

Number of Chromosomes: 64

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Lucotte G, Smets P "CCR5-Delta32 allele frequencies in Ashkenazi Jews". Genet Test. 7:333-7. (2003) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Poland

Sample UID: SA001893V

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated Ashkenazi Jewish males living in Paris (France), originating from Poland. Ashkenazi Jews included in this studywere classified depending on the birth place of both their parents and (for most of them) their grandparents.

Number of Chromosomes: 254

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Lucotte G, Smets P "CCR5-Delta32 allele frequencies in Ashkenazi Jews". Genet Test. 7:333-7. (2003) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Germany

Sample UID: SA001894W

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated Ashkenazi Jewish males living in Paris (France), originating from Germany. Ashkenazi Jews included in this studywere classified depending on the birth place of both their parents and (for most of them) their grandparents.

Number of Chromosomes: 112

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Lucotte G, Smets P "CCR5-Delta32 allele frequencies in Ashkenazi Jews". Genet Test. 7:333-7. (2003) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Czechoslovakia

Sample UID: SA001895X

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated Ashkenazi Jewish males living in Paris (France), originating from Czechoslovakia. Ashkenazi Jews included in this studywere classified depending on the birth place of both their parents and (for most of them) their grandparents.

Number of Chromosomes: 42

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Lucotte G, Smets P "CCR5-Delta32 allele frequencies in Ashkenazi Jews". Genet Test. 7:333-7. (2003) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Ukraine

Sample UID: SA001896Y

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated Ashkenazi Jewish males living in Paris (France), originating from Ukraine. Ashkenazi Jews included in this studywere classified depending on the birth place of both their parents and (for most of them) their grandparents.

Number of Chromosomes: 44

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Lucotte G, Smets P "CCR5-Delta32 allele frequencies in Ashkenazi Jews". Genet Test. 7:333-7. (2003) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Hungary

Sample UID: SA001897Z

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated Ashkenazi Jewish males living in Paris (France), originating from Hungary. Ashkenazi Jews included in this studywere classified depending on the birth place of both their parents and (for most of them) their grandparents.

Number of Chromosomes: 128

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Lucotte G, Smets P "CCR5-Delta32 allele frequencies in Ashkenazi Jews". Genet Test. 7:333-7. (2003) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Jewish

Sample UID: SA001639T

Sample Description:This sample consists of Ashkenazi Jews. (Coriell Institute)

Number of Chromosomes: 20

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Yoshiura KI et al. "A SNP in the ABCC11 gene is the determinant of human earwax type.". Nat Genet. 38:324-330. (2006) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Non-Hasidic

Sample UID: SA001428P

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated donors provided by the Department of Human Genetics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York City (USA). Samples were collected from self-identified Ashkenazi Jewish couples. Donors were all asymptomatic and samples were not collected as a result of any treatment.

Number of Chromosomes: 270

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Medintz I, Kingston C, Duran H, Barry L, Levine L, Kobilinsky L. "Characterization of two New York City Jewish populations at six short tandem repeat loci". Hum Biol. 74:143. (2002) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Hasidic

Sample UID: SA001429Q

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated donors provided by the Department of Human Genetics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York City (USA). Samples were collected from the Chevra Dov Yeshivum Program conducted at the Mount Sinai Center for Jewish Genetic Diseases. Donors were all asymptomatic and samples were not collected as a result of any treatment.

Number of Chromosomes: 220

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Medintz I, Kingston C, Duran H, Barry L, Levine L, Kobilinsky L. "Characterization of two New York City Jewish populations at six short tandem repeat loci". Hum Biol. 74:143. (2002) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Jewish Cohort

Sample UID: SA003389X

Sample Description:This sample consists of persons of Jewish ancestry. This sample is part of the control group in a genome-wide association study performed with Inflammatory Bowel Disease(IBD) affected cases and controls from the North American NIDDK IBD Consortium (IBDGC). The sample was obtained from pre-existing collections ascertained through Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Johns Hopkins University, University of Chicago, University of Montreal, University of Pittsburgh, University of Toronto Genetics Research Centers, and the New York Health project. Informed consent was obtained using protocols approved by the local institutional review board in all the participating institutions. The raw genotype data for ~300,000 SNPs are in dbGAP for this population sample.

Number of Chromosomes: 864

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Duerr RH, Taylor KD, Brant SR, Rioux JD, Silverberg MS, Daly MJ, Steinhart AH, Abraham C, Regueiro M, Griffiths A, Dassopoulos T, Bitton A, Yang H, Targan S, Datta LW, Kistner EO, Schumm LP, Lee AT, Gregersen PK, Barmada MM, Rotter JI, Nicolae DL, Cho JH. "A genome-wide association study identifies IL23R as an inflammatory bowel disease gene". Science. 314:1461-3. (2006) Online citation.

- Rioux JD, Xavier RJ, Taylor KD, Silverberg MS, Goyette P, Huett A, Green T, Kuballa P, Barmada MM, Datta LW, Shugart YY, Griffiths AM, Targan SR, Ippoliti AF, Bernard EJ, Mei L, Nicolae DL, Regueiro M, Schumm LP, Steinhart AH, Rotter JI, Duerr RH, Cho JH, Daly MJ, Brant SR. "Genome-wide association study identifies new susceptibility loci for Crohn disease and implicates autophagy in disease pathogenesis". Nat Genet. 39:596-604. (2007) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Ashkenazi Jews

Sample UID: SA003065O

Sample Description:This sample consists of healthy Ashkenazi Jewish individuals referred for testing in our laboratory and from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York.

Number of Chromosomes: 310

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Rady PL, Tyring SK, Hudnall SD, Vargas T, Kellner LH, Nitowsky H, Matalon RK "Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR): the incidence of mutations C677T and A1298C in the Ashkenazi Jewish population". Am J Med Genet. 86:380-4. (1999) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Ashkenazi Jews

Sample UID: SA002211G

Sample Description:This sample was collected from blood donors at two major blood banks in Israel and consists of Ashkenazi jews whose parents were born in a northern/eastern European country. Informed consent were obtained from all the individuals.

Number of Chromosomes: 726

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Maayan S, Zhang L, Shinar E, Ho J, He T, Manni N, Kostrikis LG, Neumann AU. "Evidence for recent selection of the CCR5-delta 32 deletion from differences in its frequency between Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews". Genes Immun. 1:358-61. (2000) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Ashkenazi

Sample UID: SA002084O

Sample Description:This sample consists of randomly selected Ashkenai Jews.

Number of Chromosomes: 46

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Hasin D, Aharonovich E, Liu X, Mamman Z, Matseoane K, Carr L, Li TK "Alcohol and ADH2 in Israel: Ashkenazis, Sephardics, and recent Russian immigrants". Am J Psychiatry. 159:1432-4. (2002) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Ashkenazi

Sample UID: SA002513L

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated Ashkenazi individuals from Europe.

Number of Chromosomes: 86

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Martinson JJ, Chapman NH, Rees DC, Liu YT, Clegg JB. "Global distribution of the CCR5 gene 32-basepair deletion". Nat Genet 16:100-103. (1997) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Ashkenazi

Sample UID: SA002481P

Sample Description:This sample consists of Ashkenazi individuals.

Number of Chromosomes: 1006

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Stephens JC, Reich DE, Goldstein DB, Shin HD, Smith MW et.al. "Dating the origin of the CCR5-Delta32 AIDS-resistance allele by the coalescence of haplotypes". Am J Hum Genet. 62:1507-15. (1998) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Ashkenazi Jews, Israel

Sample UID: SA003133K

Sample Description:This sample consists of Ashkenazi jews sample randomly collected from newborns and blood donors at Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem. The ethnic origin was determined based on the place of birth of both parents and four grandparents.

Number of Chromosomes: 414

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Pollak RD, Friedlander Y, Pollak A, Idelson M, Bejarano-AchacheI, Blumenfeld A "Ethnic differences in the frequency of the C677T mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene in healthy Israeli populations". Genet Test. 4:309-11. (2000) Online citation.


Sample Information:

Graph estimated heterozygosities for various sites

Sample Name: Ashkenazi

Sample UID: SA004372Q

Sample Description:This sample is part of the KiddLab sample collection and is subset of SA000490N.

Number of Chromosomes: 48

Relation to Other Samples: Subset of SA000490N

References:
- Kenneth K. Kidd et al. "Data unpublished".


1Geographic Coordinates represent two opposite corners of a rectangle encompassing the area where the population lives.This data is preliminary and changing.

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© 2019 Kenneth K Kidd, Yale University. All rights reserved. The full Copyright Notification is also available.
Originally prototyped by Michael Osier with the aid of Kei Cheung
Upgrades and maintenance since 2002 by Haseena Rajeevan