Sample Name: Buddhist

Sample UID: SA001085O

Sample Description:This sample consists of healthy unrelated individuals. One of the major mongoloid tribal populations of Ladakh (northern India).

Number of Chromosomes: 312

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Trivedi R, Chattopadhyay P, Maity B, Kashyap VK. "Genetic polymorphism at nine microsatellite loci in four high altitude Himalayan desert human populations". Forensic Sci Int. 127:150-155. (2002) Online citation.

Sample Name: Mongola, HGDP-CEPH

Sample UID: SA001489W

Sample Description:This sample from China is part of the Human Genome Diversity Cell Line Panel collected by the Human Genome Diversity Project (HGDP) and the Foundation Jean Dausset (CEPH). This sample consists of unrelated individuals and was collected with proper informed consent.

Number of Chromosomes: 20

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Rosenberg NA, Pritchard JK, Weber JL, Cann HM, Kidd KK, Zhivotovsky LA, Feldman MW. "Genetic structure of human populations". Science 298:2381-2385. (2002) Online citation.

Sample Name: Mongolian

Sample UID: SA001716P

Sample Description:This sample consists of paternally unrelated men from Mongolia.

Number of Chromosomes: 92

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Nadkarni NA, Weale ME, von Schantz M, Thomas MG. "Evolution of a length polymorphism in the human PER3 gene, a component of the circadian system". J Biol Rhythms. 20:490-499. (2005) Online citation.

Sample Name: Mongol

Sample UID: SA002013G

Sample Description:This sample consists of healthy unrelated Mongol individuals from northeast China. Each individual was the offspring of a non-sanguineous marriage of members of the same nationality within three generations.

Number of Chromosomes: 64

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Ma L, Xue Y, Liu Y, Wang Z, Cui X, Li P, Fu S. "Polymorphism study of seven SNPs at ADH genes in 15 Chinese populations". Hereditas. 142:103-111. (2005) Online citation.

Sample Name: Mongolian

Sample UID: SA002037M

Sample Description:This sample consists of Mongolian individuals.

Number of Chromosomes: 48

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Nakajima T, Wooding S, Sakagami T, Emi M, Tokunaga K, Tamiya G, Ishigami T, Umemura S, Munkhbat B, Jin F, Guan-Jun J, Hayasaka I, Ishida T, Saitou N, Pavelka K, Lalouel JM, Jorde LB, Inoue I. "Natural selection and population history in the human angiotensinogen gene (AGT): 736 complete AGT sequences in chromosomes from around the world". Am J Hum Genet 74:898-916. (2004) Online citation.

Sample Name: Menggu

Sample UID: SA001458S

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated healthy Mongol volunteer donors.

Number of Chromosomes: 200

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Wang C, Lv M, Liang W, Jia Y, Zhang L "Allele frequency distribution of STR D5S819 in four populations ". J Forensic Sci 50:723-724. (2005) Online citation.

Sample Name: Khalkha

Sample UID: SA001607O

Sample Description:This sample consists of individuals from the Khalkha tribe in Mongolia.

Number of Chromosomes: 332

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Yoshiura KI et al. "A SNP in the ABCC11 gene is the determinant of human earwax type.". Nat Genet. 38:324-330. (2006) Online citation.

Sample Name: Hailaer Monggu

Sample UID: SA001450K

Sample Description:This sample consists of volunteer Mongolian donors from Hailaer, Innder Mongolia, China.

Number of Chromosomes: 182

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Liang W, Lv M, Xu Y, Liao M, Zhou B, Jia Y, Lin Z "STR Loci D19S400's allele frequency distribution in ten populations.". J Forensic Sci 50:725. (2005)

Sample Name: Inner Mongolians

Sample UID: SA002431K

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated Mongols males and females from Sillinkola county, Inner Mongol Province, China. This sample was collected by Dr.Hui Li. Informed consent were obtained from the individuals.

Number of Chromosomes: 150

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Li H, Gu S, Cai X, Speed WC, Pakstis AJ, Golub EI, Kidd JR, Kidd KK "Ethnic Related Selection for an ADH Class I Variant within East Asia.". PLoS ONE 3:e1881. (2008) Online citation.

Sample Name: Mongolia

Sample UID: SA003773U

Sample Description:This sample consists of autochthonous, unrelated and healthy donors of both sexes from Mongolia who gave their informed consent.

Number of Chromosomes: 340

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Predazzi IM, Martínez-Labarga C, Vecchione L, Mango R, Ciccacci C, Amati F, Ottoni C, Crawford MH, Rickards O, Romeo F, Novelli G. "Population differences in allele frequencies at the OLR1 locus may suggest geographic disparities in cardiovascular risk events". Ann Hum Biol. 37:136-48. (2010) Online citation.

Sample Name: Mongolian

Sample UID: SA003855V

Sample Description:This sample consists of randomly selected Mongolian individuals from China. all individuals gave informed consent for the study.

Number of Chromosomes: 116

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Li CT, Zhang SH, Zhao SM. "Genetic analysis of 30 InDel markers for forensic use in five different Chinese populations". Genet Mol Res. 10:964-79. (2011) Online citation.

Sample Name: Mongolians

Sample UID: SA003011F

Sample Description:This sample consists of Mongolians from Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant. The study was approved by the Human Ethics Committee of each institute.

Number of Chromosomes: 384

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Ueki M, Takeshita H, Fujihara J, Iida R, Yuasa I, Kato H, Panduro A, Nakajima T, Kominato Y, Yasuda T. "Caucasian-specific allele in non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms of the gene encoding deoxyribonuclease I-like 3, potentially relevant to autoimmunity, produces an inactive enzyme". Clin Chim Acta. 407:20-4. (2009) Online citation.

Sample Name: Mongolian

Sample UID: SA003909V

Sample Description:This sample consists of healthy Mongolian controls.

Number of Chromosomes: 300

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Su X, Bin B, Cui H-W, Ran M-R "Cytochrome P450 2E1 RsaI/PstI and Dra I polymorphism are risk factors for Lung Cancer in Mongolian and Han population in Inner Mongolia". Chin J Cancer res 23:107-111. (2011)

Sample Name: Mongolian

Sample UID: SA002186R

Sample Description:This sample consists of Mongolian individuals who inhabit the Altai-Sayan foothills (Kyzyl area).

Number of Chromosomes: 60

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Yudin NS, Vinogradov SV, Potapova TA, Naykova TM, Sitnikova VV, Kulikov IV, Khasnulin VI, Konchuk C, Vloschinskii PE, Ivanov SV, Kobzev VF, Romaschenko AG, Voevoda MI "Distribution of CCR5-delta 32 gene deletion across the Russian part of Eurasia". Hum Genet. 102:695-8.. (1998) Online citation.

Sample Name: Mongol-Hulunbel

Sample UID: SA002772S

Sample Description:This sample consists of Mongols from Hulunbel, Inner Mongolia.

Number of Chromosomes: 34

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Li H & Kidd KK "Low allele frequency of ADH1B*47His in West China and different ADH1B haplotypes in Western Asia from Eastern Asia". Am. J. Med. Genet. 84:92-94. (2009)

Sample Name: Mongolia

Sample UID: SA003168S

Sample Description:This sample consists of individuals from Mongolia.

Number of Chromosomes: 72

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Schneider JA, Rees DC, Liu YT, Clegg JB. "Worldwide distribution of a common methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase mutation". Am J Hum Genet. 62:1258-60. (1998) Online citation.

Sample Name: Mongolian

Sample UID: SA002656T

Sample Description:This sample consists of randomly selected native Mongolian subjects.

Number of Chromosomes: 156

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Nakatome M, Honda K, Tun Z, Kato Y, Harihara S, Omoto K, Misawa S, Gerelsaikhan T, Nyamkhishig S, Dashnyam B, Batsuuri J, Wakasugi C "Genetic polymorphism of the 3' VNTR region of the human dopaminergic function gene DAT1 (human dopamine transporter gene) in the Mongolian population". Hum Biol. 68:509-15.. (1996) Online citation.

Sample Name: Mongolians

Sample UID: SA003535Q

Sample Description:This sample consists of Mongolians from Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant. The study was approved by the Human Ethics Committees of the participating institutes.

Number of Chromosomes: 224

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Fujihara J, Ueki M, Yasuda T, Iida R, Soejima M, Koda Y, Kimura-Kataoka K, Kato H, Panduro A, Tongu M, Takeshita H. "Functional and Genetic Survey of All Known Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms Within the Human Deoxyribonuclease I Gene in Wide-Ranging Ethnic Groups". DNA Cell Biol. (Epub, ahead of print) (2011) Online citation.

- Yasuda T, Ueki M, Takeshita H, Fujihara J, Kimura-Kataoka K, Iida R, Tsubota E, Soejima M, Koda Y, Kato H, Panduro A. "A biochemical and genetic study on all non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms of the gene encoding human deoxyribonuclease I potentially relevant to autoimmunity". Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 42:1216-25. (2010) Online citation.

Sample Name: Mongolians

Sample UID: SA003468V

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated Asians from Mongolia.

Number of Chromosomes: 320

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Giardina E, Predazzi I, Pietrangeli I, Asili P, Marsala P, Gabriele L, Pipolo C, Ricci O, Martone C, Spinella A, Novelli G. "Frequency assessment of SNPs for forensic identification in different populations". Forensic Sci Int Genet. 1:e1-3. (2007) Online citation.

Sample Name: Mongolia

Sample UID: SA002273O

Sample Description:This sample consists of healthy Mongolian subjects from the Inner Mongolia autonomous region.

Number of Chromosomes: 268

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Wang FS, Hong WG, Cao Y, Liu MX, Jin L, Hu LP, Wang Z, Feng TJ, Hou J, Zhang B, Shi M, Xu DP, Lei ZY, Wang B, Liu ZD, Ye JJ, Peng L, Qiu Y, Winkler C "Population survey of CCR5 delta32, CCR5 m303, CCR2b 64I, and SDF1 3'A allele frequencies in indigenous Chinese healthy individuals, and in HIV-1-infected and HIV-1-uninfected individuals in HIV-1 risk groups". J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 32:124-30. (2003) Online citation.

Sample Name: Mongolia

Sample UID: SA002528R

Sample Description:This sample consists of unrelated individuals from Mongolia. This sample was collected as part of anthropological surveys of investigation of non-HIV related medical conditions.

Number of Chromosomes: 118

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Martinson JJ, Chapman NH, Rees DC, Liu YT, Clegg JB. "Global distribution of the CCR5 gene 32-basepair deletion". Nat Genet 16:100-103. (1997) Online citation.

Sample Name: Mongolian

Sample UID: SA002119N

Sample Description:This sample consists of male Mongolians from the Yikezhao County in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous District, northern China.

Number of Chromosomes: 70

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Shen YC, Fan JH, Edenberg HJ, Li TK, Cui YH, Wang YF, Tian CH, Zhou CF, Zhou RL, Wang J, Zhao ZL, Xia GY "Polymorphism of ADH and ALDH genes among four ethnic groups in China and effects upon the risk for alcoholism". Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 21:1272-7. (1997) Online citation.

Sample Name: Mongol

Sample UID: SA002887Z

Sample Description:This sample consists of male Mongol individuals from China. The protocol of this study was approved by the institutional review board of Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Number of Chromosomes: 100

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Shi H, Tan SJ, Zhong H, Hu W, Levine A, Xiao CJ, Peng Y, Qi XB, Shou WH, Ma RL, Li Y, Su B, Lu X "Winter temperature and UV are tightly linked to genetic changes in the p53 tumor suppressor pathway in Eastern Asia". Am J Hum Genet. 84:534-41.. (2009) Online citation.

Sample Name: Mongolian

Sample UID: SA003694W

Sample Description:This sample consists of Mongolian individuals from China.

Number of Chromosomes: 384

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Acuña-Alonzo V et al. "A functional ABCA1 gene variant is associated with low HDL-cholesterol levels and shows evidence of positive selection in Native Americans". Hum Mol Genet 19:2877-85. (2010) Online citation.

Sample Name: Mongolian in Inner Mongolia, China (MIC)

Sample UID: SA004670R

Sample Description:This sample consists of Mongolian in Inner Mongolia,,China. Written informed consent was obtained from all individuals. This sample is part of Caixia Li's group in Institute of Forensic Science, Beijing, China.

Number of Chromosomes: 730

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Jiang L, Wei YL, Zhao L, Li N, Liu T, Liu HB, Ren LJ, Li JL, Hao HF, Li Q, Li CX. "Global analysis of population stratification using a smart panel of 27 continental ancestry-informative SNPs". Forensic Sci Int Genet. 35:e10-e12. (2018) Online citation.

Sample Name: Deedu Mongolians

Sample UID: SA004538U

Sample Description:This sample consists of DU Mongolian subjects whose blood was drawn at an altitude of 3000 meters (m). All the subjects are nomads who permanently live at an altitude of 3000 mâ¿¿4300 m in the Qinghai Keke Xili area. DNA was extracted from whole blood samples using the Qiagen Gentra Puregene Blood Kit (Qiagen Inc., Valencia, California, USA). Informed consent was obtained for all participants according to guidelines approved by the Institutional Review Board at the High Altitude Medical Research Institute, Qinghai Medical College (Xining, Qinghai, China).

Number of Chromosomes: 84

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Xing J, Wuren T, Simonson TS, Watkins WS, Witherspoon DJ, Wu W, Qin G, Huff CD, Jorde LB, Ge RL "Genomic analysis of natural selection and phenotypic variation in high-altitude mongolians". PLoS Genet. 9:(2013) Online citation.

Sample Name: Inner Mongolians (CMHM)

Sample UID: SA004355R

Sample Description:This sample consists of Inner Mongolians from Hailor, China.

Number of Chromosomes: 66

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Li CX, Pakstis AJ, Jiang L, Wei YL, Sun QF, Wu H, Bulbul O, Wang P, Kang LL, Kidd JR, Kidd KK. "A panel of 74 AISNPs: Improved ancestry inference within Eastern Asia". Forensic Sci Int Genet. 23:101-10. (2016)

Sample Name: Mongolians

Sample UID: SA004183Q

Sample Description:This sample consists of Mongolians from Ulaanbaatar in Mongol. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.

Number of Chromosomes: 116

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Fujihara J, Soejima M, Yasuda T, Koda Y, Agusa T, Kunito T, Tongu M, Yamada T, Takeshita H. "Global analysis of genetic variation in human arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (AS3MT)". Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 243:292-9. (2010) Online citation.

Sample Name: Outer Mongolians

Sample UID: SA004035M

Sample Description:This sample consists of Urban Mongolians from Ulaan Baatar, Outer Mongolia region.

Number of Chromosomes: 136

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Brissenden JE, Kidd JR, Evsanaa B, Togtokh A, Pakstis AJ, Friedlaender F, Kidd KK, Roscoe J "Mongolians in the genetic landscape of central Asia: exploring the genetic relations among Mongolians and other world populations.". Human Biology 87:73-91. (2015) Online citation.

Sample Name: Mongols

Sample UID: SA004290P

Sample Description:This sample consists of Mongols from Mongolia.

Number of Chromosomes: 40

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Rogalla U, Rychlicka E, Derenko MV, Malyarchuk BA, Grzybowski T. "Simple and cost-effective 14-loci SNP assay designed for differentiation of European, East Asian and African samples". Forensic Sci Int Genet. 14:42-9.. (2015) Online citation.

Sample Name: Mongols, Inner Mongolia

Sample UID: SA004303K

Sample Description:This sample was collected from Hohehot city in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region (Northern China). They are an ethnic minority in China. Mongolian live in a region of Central Asia and represent the one of the five larger minority in China. The Mongolian is Turkic speakers, a language belonging to the Altaic language family. This sample was obtained anonymously through local physicians and with consent of the participants.

Number of Chromosomes: 200

Relation to Other Samples:

References:
- Pakstis AJ , Haigh E, Cherni L, Ben Ammar ElGaaied A, Barton A, Evsanaa B, Togtokh A, Brissenden J, Roscoe J, Bulbul O, Filoglu G, Gurkan C, Meiklejohn KA, Robertson JM, Li,C.-X. Wei Y.-L., Li H,Soundararajan U,Rajeevan H, Kidd JR, Kidd KK "52 additional reference population samples for the 55 AISNP panel". Forensic Science International: Genetics 269-271. (2015) Online citation.

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© 2019 Kenneth K Kidd, Yale University. All rights reserved. The full Copyright Notification is also available.
Originally prototyped by Michael Osier with the aid of Kei Cheung
Upgrades and maintenance since 2002 by Haseena Rajeevan